{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T01:45:08Z","timestamp":1794361508899,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is characterized by severe prognosis. The amount of intraventricular blood is the most important, disease-specific, prognostic factor, as acute complications are strictly dependent on clot formation. Although external ventricular drain (EVD) placement is the standard treatment, in the past 15 years neuroendoscopic (NE) evacuation of IVH has been advocated, but available comparative data are limited. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included articles compare the treatment of primary and secondary IVH with NE and EVD. The meta-analysis was performed in terms of shunt dependency. Cochran's Q-test and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity in the studies. No heterogeneity was considered for p greater than 0.05 and I2 less than 20%. A random-effect model was used, with restricted maximum likelihood to estimate the heterogeneity variance. After screening 744 articles, 5 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 303 patients presenting with primary or pure (50 patients) and secondary (253 patients) IVH, undergoing either NE (151) or EVD (152), were included in the metanalysis. The risk of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was higher in the EVD group (relative risk: 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.28\u20132.92, p\u2009=\u20090.0094). The risk of VP shunt was higher in the EVD group, but the overall outcome remains poor for patients with IVH, with a moderate-to-high disability. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate more deeper both advantages and effects on the outcome of NE over EVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T19:13:04Z","timestamp":1670267584000},"page":"541-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Endoscopic Evacuation of Massive Intraventricular Hemorrhages Reduces Shunt Dependency: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fiorindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Saraceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Zanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lodovico","family":"Terzi di Bergamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Feletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Institute of Neurosurgery, University of Verona, AOUI Verona, Polo Chirurgico \u201cP. Confortini,\u201d Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Doglietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Maria","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.1.FOCUS11349","article-title":"External ventricular drainage alone versus endoscopic surgery for severe intraventricular hemorrhage: a comparative retrospective analysis on outcome and shunt dependency","volume":"32","author":"L Basaldella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-30714-1_16","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the STICH trial","volume":"96","author":"P S Bhattathiri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000304930.47751.75","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage: anatomic relationships and clinical implications","volume":"70","author":"H Hallevi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.090142","article-title":"Coiling and neuroendoscopy: a new perspective in the treatment of intraventricular haemorrhages due to bleeding aneurysms","volume":"77","author":"P Longatti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.6977795","article-title":"Computed tomographic diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. Etiology and prognosis","volume":"143","author":"D A Graeb","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1053\/j.scds.2006.01.011","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage: presentation and management options","volume":"5","author":"D F Hanley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Cerebrovasc Dis Stroke"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.4.616","article-title":"Prognostic significance of ventricular blood in supratentorial hemorrhage: a volumetric study","volume":"40","author":"W B Young","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.142731","article-title":"Early experience in endoscopic management of massive intraventricular hemorrhage with literature review","volume":"9","author":"Z Idris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.177","article-title":"Exploration of efficacy and safety of interventions for intraventricular hemorrhage: a network meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"L Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_197_19","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery for thalamic hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage: effects of combining evacuation of a thalamic hematoma to external ventricular drainage","volume":"14","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-018-1957-3","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery versus external ventricular drainage surgery for severe intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"38","author":"P Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2010.07.041","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) caused by thalamic hemorrhage: comparisons of endoscopic surgery and external ventricular drainage (EVD) surgery","volume":"75","author":"C-C Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000113736.73632.F6","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic management of intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"35","author":"P L Longatti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29887-0_3","article-title":"Flexible endoscopic aspiration for intraventricular casting hematoma","volume":"123","author":"T Toyooka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000103122","article-title":"Application of neuroendoscopy in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"24","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2017.24.1.5","article-title":"Prevalence of shunt dependency and clinical outcome in patients with massive intraventricular haemorrhage treated with endoscopic washout and external ventricular drainage","volume":"24","author":"J R Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"S Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01110-7","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microsurgical evacuation versus external ventricular drainage for the treatment of cast intraventricular hemorrhage: results of a comparative series","volume":"43","author":"A Di Rienzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6939-6","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists: a consecutive observational study","volume":"260","author":"S Horstmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007792","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of severe intraventricular extension in patients with subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"247","author":"D J Nieuwkamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.119","article-title":"Predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Z Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417665","article-title":"Treatment of severe intraventricular hemorrhage by intraventricular infusion of urokinase","volume":"18","author":"H Akdemir","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199306000-00010","article-title":"Treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage with tissue plasminogen activator","volume":"32","author":"J M Findlay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01446983","article-title":"Effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator on clot lysis and ventricular dilatation in the treatment of severe intraventricular haemorrhage","volume":"122","author":"L Mayfrank","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.4.447","article-title":"Intraventricular recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for lysis of intraventricular haemorrhage","volume":"58","author":"V Rohde","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32410-2","article-title":"Thrombolytic removal of intraventricular haemorrhage in treatment of severe stroke: results of the randomised, multicentre, multiregion, placebo-controlled CLEAR III trial","volume":"389","author":"D F Hanley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.11.1163","article-title":"Endoscopic evacuation of an intracerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage","volume":"62","author":"E Ritschl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1085449","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic removal of intraventricular hemorrhage combined with hydrocephalus","volume":"51","author":"H Hamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.JNS081149","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus due to intracranial hemorrhage with intraventricular extension","volume":"111","author":"J MK Oertel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-7-1","article-title":"Endoscopic management of hypertensive intraventricular haemorrhage with obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"7","author":"Y R Yadav","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1469042","article-title":"A new modified neuroendoscope technology to remove severe intraventricular haematoma","volume":"32","author":"B Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"S 39","key":"ref35","first-page":"S927","article-title":"Post-neurosurgical meningitis: Management of cerebrospinal fluid drainage catheters influences the evolution of infection","volume":"7","author":"L Soavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1757220.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T19:30:55Z","timestamp":1728502255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1757220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1757220","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-5482","2248-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-5482","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}