{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:04:04Z","timestamp":1784693044578,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lab Physicians"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) caused by gram-negative pathogens have emerged as a global concern. So far, little is known about the epidemiology of extended-spectrum \u03b2 lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in HAUTIs in India. The study was carried to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL-producing genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from HAUTIs in a tertiary institute in North India.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A total of 200 consecutive, nonduplicate clinical isolates of E. coli and 140 isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospitalized patients with UTI were collected during a period of 1 year. Strains were studied for the presence of ESBL genes (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M15, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaVEB, blaPER-2, and blaGES) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003ESBL was detected in 82.5% (165 out of 200) isolates of E. coli and 74.3% (104 out of 140) isolates of K. pneumoniae by phenotypic confirmatory testing. From 269 phenotypically positive ESBL isolates, blaTEM (49.4%) was the most common genotype followed by blaCTX-M1 (31.97%), blaOXA-1 (30.1%), and blaSHV(11.9%) either alone or in combination. In the present study, blaCTX-M-15 (84.89%) was the most common blaCTX-M1-type ESBL. In total, 2.6 and 5.2% of the isolates were positive for PER-2 and VEB genes, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on ESBL resistance patterns and ESBL-producing genes in HAUTIs in North India. Our study reports high occurrence with ESBL types CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, TEM, and SHV. Minor ESBL variants OXA-1, VEB-type, and PER-2-type \u03b2-lactamase are also emerging in HAUTIs infections in North India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T22:41:16Z","timestamp":1666305676000},"page":"194-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Health Care-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in North India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Kalyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Danish","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimala","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 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         \n            CTX\u2009-\u2009M\n          , bla\n          \n            TEM\n          , bla\n          \n            SHV\n           and bla\n          \n            OXA\n           genes in extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing clinical isolates: a three-year multi-center study from Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"8","author":"S Abrar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1556\/030.66.2019.006","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in Iran","volume":"66","author":"F Eghbalpoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019041","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2019.041","article-title":"Prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes among ESBL-producing 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Patil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526515666150724113847","article-title":"Genotyping of ESBL producing uropathogenic and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in southeast of Iran","volume":"15","author":"H Alizade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_122_18","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"11","author":"A Govindaswamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"}],"container-title":["Journal of Laboratory 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