{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:11:06Z","timestamp":1791591066070,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lab Physicians"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Histoplasmosis is considered to be endemic to India, especially the Gangetic belt. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. Disseminated histoplasmosis with asymptomatic adrenal involvement has been described in immunocompromised patients, whereas isolated adrenal involvement as the presenting manifestation in immunocompetent is uncommon. We aimed to determine the clinicopathological and radiological findings of adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients attending a multispecialty diagnostic center referred from different clinics and hospitals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003All tissue samples were initially examined microscopically by performing potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mounts, followed by culture on two tubes of Sabouraud dextrose agar and phase conversion. Histopathological correlation was done using tissue stains, hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid\u2013Schiff, and Gomori methenamine silver.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003We evaluated 84 clinically suspected cases radiologically for adrenal mass. The pathological and microbiological work-up was done from these suspected cases. A total of 19 cases were evident from the tissue stain and fungal culture methods. The affected population were mostly above 45 years and male. Seven patients had bilateral adrenal involvement. All these patients received amphotericin B and\/or itraconazole treatment, which led to symptomatic improvement in most cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Diagnosis of invasive fungal infection requires a high index of suspicion, especially in immunocompetent patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms, clinical signs, and laboratory and radiological features that often resemble adrenal neoplasms. Clinical specimens, together with fungal culture, must be sent for cytopathology\/histopathology for a definite diagnosis and appropriate management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T22:41:16Z","timestamp":1666305676000},"page":"243-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Histoplasmosis of Adrenal Gland: A 5 Years' Review from a Multispecialty Diagnostic Centre"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kumkum","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medcal Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2897-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suranjan","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Raiganj Government Medical College, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashis","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinak Pani","family":"Bhattachryya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Laskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.11.4.515","article-title":"The morphology of the parasite (Histoplasma capsulatum) and the lesions of histoplasmosis, a fatal disease of tropical America","volume":"11","author":"S T Darling","year":"1909","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Textbook of Medical Mycology","author":"J Chander","year":"2018","edition":"4th ed."},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","first-page":"105","article-title":"Adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients presenting as adrenal insufficiency","volume":"32","author":"S Gajendra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk Patoloji Derg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2013.777166","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in an apparently immunocompetent individual from north India: a case report and review","volume":"51","author":"S Kathuria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.3126\/jpn.v9i1.23381","article-title":"Adrenal involvement in histoplasmosis","volume":"9","author":"N Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pathol Nepal"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.92448","volume-title":"The review of histoplasmosis endemicity and current status in Asia","author":"A Rozaliyani","year":"2020"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90374-7","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in eastern India: the tip of the iceberg?","volume":"93","author":"R P Goswami","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","first-page":"71","article-title":"Occurrence of histoplasmosis in the Indian subcontinent: an overview and update","volume":"7","author":"H S Randhawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Res Pract"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"25","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in India: truly uncommon or uncommonly recognised?","volume":"60","author":"R Gopalakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13935","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and cortical reserve in adrenal histoplasmosis-a retrospective follow-up study of 40 patients","volume":"90","author":"M Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref11","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum in the soil of Gangetic plain in India","volume":"63","author":"M Sanyal","year":"1975","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","first-page":"257","article-title":"A unique case of histoplasmosis","volume":"23","author":"G Panja","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.26939","article-title":"Seven cases of histoplasmosis: cutaneous and extracutaneous involvements","volume":"51","author":"S Dhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"2949","volume-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum","author":"J S Deepe Jr","year":"2015","edition":"8th ed."},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","first-page":"88","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis with bilateral adrenal enlargement: diagnosis by computed tomography-directed needle biopsy","volume":"87","author":"A D Schonfeld","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tex Med"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"48","article-title":"Adrenal histoplasmosis: clinical, imaging and correlation","volume":"6","author":"R Mehra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-003-0010-5","article-title":"Adrenal histoplasmosis: clinical presentation and imaging features in nine cases","volume":"28","author":"N Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"47","article-title":"Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"60","author":"S K Mandal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416665942","article-title":"Histoplasmosis mimicking non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a 40-year-old man with AIDS","volume":"28","author":"N Bhari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","first-page":"652","article-title":"Mycoses and adrenocortical function. New pathogenetic aspects of adrenal hypofunction [in Italian]","volume":"82","author":"A Angeli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Recenti Prog Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","first-page":"19","article-title":"Medical mycology in India (1957-2007): contributions by the VPCI Mycoses Group","volume":"50","author":"H S Randhawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.07.012","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients from an arid zone in Western India: a case series","volume":"25","author":"A Samaddar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"185","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"53","author":"S Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Diabetes in America","year":"1995","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"R Williams","year":"2019","edition":"9th ed."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/am.am_8_19","article-title":"Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in a diabetic patient: a case report and review of cases in India","volume":"16","author":"H Butta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apollo Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21416","article-title":"Bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients","volume":"39","author":"C Rana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2016217915","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-217915","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as diabetic keto-acidosis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"2017","author":"N Niknam","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","first-page":"435","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in southern and south-eastern Asia. A syndrome associated with a peculiar tissue form of histoplasma: a study of 48 cases","volume":"52","author":"W S Symmers","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref30","first-page":"920","article-title":"Adrenal histoplasmosis: a case series and review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"N Larbcharoensub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004732","article-title":"Worldwide phylogenetic distributions and population dynamics of the genus Histoplasma","volume":"10","author":"MdeM Teixeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0191-z","article-title":"A twenty-first-century perspective of disseminated histoplasmosis in India: literature review and retrospective analysis of published and unpublished cases at a tertiary care hospital in north India","volume":"182","author":"A Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_280","article-title":"Adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals a case series from the north-western part of India, Rajasthan province: an emerging endemic focus","volume":"38","author":"B Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11170-9","article-title":"Diagnosis of histoplasmosis: current status and perspectives","volume":"105","author":"M A Toscanini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_768_21","article-title":"One health aspects & priority roadmap for fungal diseases : a mini-review","volume":"153","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Laboratory Physicians"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1757587.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T08:20:51Z","timestamp":1703406051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jlabphy.org\/histoplasmosis-of-adrenal-gland-a-5-years-review-from-a-multispecialty-diagnostic-centre\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1757587","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-2727","0974-7826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-2727","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-7826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]}}}