{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:59:09Z","timestamp":1777276749239,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) present with a multitude of symptoms that can range from headaches to shoulder pain. Patients frequently present with pain in the ear, dizziness, and vertigo. It is noted that some patients who report TMDs also have a history of sleep disturbances, which is noted in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a reduction in the oropharyngeal airway volume.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To evaluate the airway volume in pre- and posttreatment of TMD with the use of neuromuscular orthotics made with ultra-low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A total of 15 patients were evaluated for TMDs using the related criteria. Those included were treated with ULF-TENS with evaluation of the airway volume both pre- and posttreatment using CBCT and the Dolphin 3D volume analysis software.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003While the symptoms were shown to be significantly reduced in patients who were treated with this particular modality, the airway volume varied in those who reported a reduction after a period of 3 months and those that reported after a period of 6 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Posttreatment evaluation of the airway should be done after a period of 6 months for a more objective evaluation. A multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient is required in such cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T22:43:17Z","timestamp":1698100997000},"page":"e593-e601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Pre- and Posttreatment Airway Volume in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Treated with Ultra-Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhea Susan","family":"Verghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renju","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1542-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9733-0879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aravind M.","family":"Shanmugham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4197-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya K.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5164-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna S.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beena R.","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","first-page":"1477","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"76","author":"J J Buescher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","first-page":"54","article-title":"The role of occlusion in temporomandibular disorders\u2013a review of the literature","volume":"104","author":"A Mackie","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Z Dent J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2018.01.004","article-title":"Functional disorders of the temporomandibular joints: Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"34","author":"C-L Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","first-page":"e506","article-title":"Non-invasive joint decompression: An important factor in the regeneration of the bone marrow and disc recapture in temporomandibular arthropathies","volume":"23","author":"I S Catunda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref6","first-page":"551","article-title":"Airway centric TMJ philosophy","volume":"42","author":"M L Gelb","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correlation between upper airway dimension and TMJ position in patients with sleep disordered breathing","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"L Truong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","first-page":"e9","article-title":"Is Centric Relation Always the Position of Choice for TMDs? Case Report of How TMD and Airway Dimension May Be Associated","volume":"38","author":"W E Harrell Jr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2018.1526849","article-title":"Ultra-low-frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS) in subjects with craniofacial pain: A retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"S Mummolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1926-9","article-title":"Prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"I Porto De Toledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-11-5","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders related to the degree of mouth opening and hearing loss","volume":"11","author":"P Kitsoulis","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","first-page":"39","article-title":"Ear pruritus: a new otologic finding related to temporomandibular disorder","volume":"64","author":"B C Vasconcelos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.4474","article-title":"Gender difference in prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders: a retrospective study on 243 consecutive patients","volume":"9","author":"B Bagis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","first-page":"17","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in women and men","volume":"28","author":"C LP Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"CoDAS"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender Differences in Clinical Characteristics of Korean Temporomandibular Disorder Patients","volume":"11","author":"J-H Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2007.018","article-title":"Examination of a large patient population for the presence of symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"25","author":"B C Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(82)80096-6","article-title":"TMJ symptoms and referred pain patterns","volume":"47","author":"C D Campbell","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref18","first-page":"563","article-title":"Physiologic neuromuscular dental paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"42","author":"P Raman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416686302","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: Old ideas and new concepts","volume":"37","author":"T List","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2008.015","article-title":"Establishment of a temporomandibular physiological state with neuromuscular orthosis treatment affects reduction of TMD symptoms in 313 patients","volume":"26","author":"B C Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90476-6","article-title":"Intraarticular pressure in the functioning human temporomandibular joint and its alteration by uniform elevation of the occlusal plane","volume":"52","author":"D W Nitzan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756587","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3756587","article-title":"Evaluation of the 3\u2009mm Thickness Splint Therapy on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs)","volume":"2018","author":"N Akbulut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","first-page":"29","article-title":"Gender difference in symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders in a population of 50-year-old subjects","volume":"17","author":"A Johansson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2009.016","article-title":"Relationship of temporomandibular disorders to muscle tension-type headaches and a neuromuscular orthosis approach to treatment","volume":"27","author":"B C Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957076","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5957076","article-title":"Central Sensitization-Based Classification for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pathogenetic Hypothesis","volume":"2017","author":"A Monaco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2018.1526849","article-title":"Ultra-low-frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS) in subjects with craniofacial pain: A retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"S Mummolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr012","article-title":"A comparative study of lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomographic images in upper airway assessment","volume":"34","author":"M B Vizzotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601509010263","article-title":"Analysis of Pharyngeal Airway Using Lateral Cephalogram vs CBCT Images: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study","volume":"9","author":"P Bronoosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr099","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography for airway volume analysis","volume":"35","author":"A Ghoneima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction on craniofacial structures and upper-airway dimension","volume":"72","author":"S Hiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963413Z.00000000021","article-title":"MRI assessment of temporomandibular disorders: an approach to diagnostic and therapeutic setting","volume":"32","author":"S Summa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.3390\/app10103599","article-title":"Comparison of the Usefulness of CBCT and MRI in TMD Patients According to Clinical Symptoms and Age","volume":"10","author":"K J Jeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-1363.167090","article-title":"Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and conventional CT in detecting degenerative osseous changes of the TMJ: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"R R Veerappan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.01.005","article-title":"Association between mandibular condylar position and clinical dysfunction index","volume":"43","author":"M Paknahad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2012.02.002","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography: craniofacial and airway analysis","volume":"56","author":"D C Hatcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref37","first-page":"20","article-title":"Association between degenerative temporomandibular joint disorders, vertical facial growth, and airway dimension","volume":"10","author":"A Dadgar-Yeganeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J World Fed Orthod"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1179\/2151090314Y.0000000016","article-title":"Effects of neuromuscular deprogramming on the head position","volume":"33","author":"A R Andrighetto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref39","first-page":"15","article-title":"Overview of sleep disorders and the implication on dental practice","volume":"4","author":"J J Haze","year":"1987","journal-title":"Funct Orthod"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.08.019","article-title":"Effect of a non-adjustable oral appliance on upper airway morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"100","author":"K Sam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2013.027","article-title":"Effect of a maxillary appliance in an adult with obstructive sleep apnea: a case report","volume":"31","author":"G D Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2704","article-title":"Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders of Muscular Origin with a Silicon Oral Device (Alifix\u00ae): Electromyographic Analysis","volume":"20","author":"M Maddalone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0555-6","article-title":"Long-term oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a controlled study on temporomandibular side effects","volume":"16","author":"M HJ Doff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758207.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1730807671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1758207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758207","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}