{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:29:59Z","timestamp":1764937799875,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003Individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs) have been associated with hearing loss (HL). The relationship to aggregate risk is poorly understood and has not been explored in the Hispanic\/Latino population. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003The\n aim of this study was to characterize the association between aggregate CVD RF burden and hearing among Hispanics\/Latinos. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003Cross-sectional examination. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003Participants (18\u201074 years; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912,766) in the Hispanic\n Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos. <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003Thresholds (0.5\u20108\u2009kHz) were obtained, and HL was defined dichotomously as pure-tone average (PTA<jats:sub>0.5,1, 2,4<\/jats:sub>)\u2009&gt;\u200925\u2009dB HL. Optimal CVD risk burden was defined\n as follows: systolic blood pressure (SBP)\u2009&lt;\u2009120\u2009mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)\u2009&lt;\u200980\u2009mm Hg; total cholesterol\u2009&lt;\u2009180\u2009mg\/dL; nonsmoking; and no diabetes. Major CVD RFs were diabetes, currently smoking, SBP &gt;160\n or DBP\u2009&gt;\u2009100\u2009mm Hg (or antihypertensives), and total cholesterol\u2009&gt;\u2009240\u2009mg\/dL (or statins). Thresholds were estimated by age (18\u201044 and \u226545 years) and sex using linear regression. The association between CVD risk burden and HL was assessed\n using multivariable logistic regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, Hispanic\/Latino background, center, education, income, alcohol use, body mass index, and noise exposure. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003In the target population, 53.03% were female and 18.81% and 8.52% had all RFs optimal\n and \u22652 major RFs, respectively. Elevated BP (SBP 120\u2010139\u2009mm Hg or DBP 80\u201089\u2009mm Hg) was associated with HL in females\u2009&lt;\u200945 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14\u20104.16). Diabetes (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01\u20101.84)\n and tobacco smoking (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03\u20102.01) were associated with HL in females \u2265 45 years. The odds of HL were higher for females \u2265 45 years with \u22652 RFs versus those with all RFs optimal (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12\u20103.53). Elevated BP (SBP 140\u2010159\u2009mm Hg\n or DBP 90\u201099\u2009mm Hg), but not aggregate risk burden, was associated with HL in males \u2265 45 years (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02\u20102.19). No relationships with major CVD RFs were significant in males\u2009&lt;\u200945 years. <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2003HL is associated with\n elevated BP in females\u2009&lt;\u200945 years, with diabetes and hypertension in males \u2265 45 years, and with diabetes, smoking, and having \u22652 major CVD RFs in females \u2265 45 years. Future studies are needed to examine if these factors are associated with incident HL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T23:23:51Z","timestamp":1726269831000},"page":"445-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hearing Loss and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles: Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Rachael R.","family":"Baiduc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Bogle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North 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L.","family":"Daviglus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumitrajit","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"issue":"194","key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of selected chronic conditions: United States, 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