{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:00:40Z","timestamp":1791000040200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progressive obstructive lung disease secondary to chronic airway infection, coupled with impaired host immunity, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Classical pathogens found in the airways of persons with CF (pwCF) include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, the Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter species, and Haemophilus influenzae. While traditional respiratory-tract surveillance culturing has focused on this limited range of pathogens, the use of both comprehensive culture and culture-independent molecular approaches have demonstrated complex highly personalized microbial communities. Loss of bacterial community diversity and richness, counteracted with relative increases in dominant taxa by traditional CF pathogens such as Burkholderia or Pseudomonas, have long been considered the hallmark of disease progression. Acquisition of these classic pathogens is viewed as a harbinger of advanced disease and postulated to be driven in part by recurrent and frequent antibiotic exposure driven by frequent acute pulmonary exacerbations. Recently, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, small molecules designed to potentiate or restore diminished protein levels\/function, have been successfully developed and have profoundly influenced disease course. Despite the multitude of clinical benefits, structural lung damage and consequent chronic airway infection persist in pwCF. In this article, we review the microbial epidemiology of pwCF, focus on our evolving understanding of these infections in the era of modulators, and identify future challenges in infection surveillance and clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:29:57Z","timestamp":1673310597000},"page":"269-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Microbial Epidemiology of the Cystic Fibrosis Airways: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christina S.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Parkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32542-3","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"397","author":"M Shteinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-505SO","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis","volume":"168","author":"R L Gibson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409083311003","article-title":"Effect of aerosolized recombinant human DNase on exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"331","author":"H J Fuchs","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1421OC","article-title":"Failure to recover to baseline pulmonary function after cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation","volume":"182","author":"D B Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00159111","article-title":"Effect of pulmonary exacerbations on long-term lung function decline in cystic fibrosis","volume":"40","author":"V Waters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref6","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Improving outcomes of infections in cystic fibrosis in the era of CFTR modulator therapy","volume":"54","author":"L Saiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1694021","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis: pathophysiology of lung disease","volume":"40","author":"C Bergeron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnx128","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx128","article-title":"The role of multispecies social interactions in shaping Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity in the cystic fibrosis lung","volume":"364","author":"S O'Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-01130-6","article-title":"Inter-species interactions alter antibiotic efficacy in bacterial communities","volume":"16","author":"M J Bottery","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.1.1.53","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis: a polymicrobial infectious disease","volume":"1","author":"C D Sibley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.194-222.2002","article-title":"Lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"J B Lyczak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81099-5","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis airway epithelia fail to kill bacteria because of abnormal airway surface fluid","volume":"85","author":"J J Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0529ED","article-title":"Shifting landscape of airway infection in early cystic fibrosis","volume":"200","author":"J E Hoppe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.07.008","article-title":"Deciphering the ecology of cystic fibrosis bacterial communities: towards systems-level integration","volume":"25","author":"A Bevivino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00068-09","article-title":"The changing microbial epidemiology in cystic fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"J J Lipuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2009.08.003","article-title":"Trends in pathogens colonising the respiratory tract of adult patients with cystic fibrosis, 1985-2005","volume":"8","author":"F A Millar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120577109","article-title":"Decade-long bacterial community dynamics in cystic fibrosis airways","volume":"109","author":"J Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.014718","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis: problem bug or an innocent bystander?","volume":"14","author":"M N Hurley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2011.06.002","article-title":"Review: Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"C H Goss","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00138-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00138-18","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the host-microbe interface","volume":"32","author":"S Malhotra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00477-5","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation and evolution in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"E Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01592","article-title":"Burkholderia cenocepacia infections in cystic fibrosis patients: drug resistance and therapeutic approaches","volume":"8","author":"V C Scoffone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000181475.85187.ed","article-title":"Update on the Burkholderia cepacia complex","volume":"11","author":"J J Lipuma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091177","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus and cystic fibrosis\u2014a close relationship. What can we learn from sequencing studies?","volume":"10","author":"C Rumpf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24139","article-title":"Biology and management of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"N Akil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(02)00104-2","article-title":"Understanding bacterial biofilms in patients with cystic fibrosis: current and innovative approaches to potential therapies","volume":"1","author":"N H\u00f8iby","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006012","article-title":"Convergence of Staphylococcus aureus persister and biofilm research: can biofilms Be defined as communities of adherent persister cells?","volume":"12","author":"E M Waters","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir399","article-title":"Inflammatory responses to individual microorganisms in the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"53","author":"C Gangell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.08.001","article-title":"Impact of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus infection on inflammation and clinical status in young children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"154","author":"S D Sagel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00166412","article-title":"Factors associated with FEV1 decline in cystic fibrosis: analysis of the ECFS patient registry","volume":"43","author":"E Kerem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.04.003","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis: microbiology and host response","volume":"63","author":"E T Zemanick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.121930","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"H R Stutman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"CD001912","article-title":"Prophylactic anti-staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"A R Smyth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201705-376OC","article-title":"Early respiratory bacterial detection and antistaphylococcal antibiotic prophylaxis in young children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"M N Hurley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00230","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment and age are associated with Staphylococcus aureus carriage profiles during persistence in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"11","author":"C Westphal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.781","article-title":"Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"H F Chambers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200802-327OC","article-title":"Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and rate of FEV1 decline in cystic fibrosis","volume":"178","author":"E C Dasenbrook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00849","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"S Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32834b95ed","article-title":"Update on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"E C Dasenbrook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30365-0","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical associations of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variant respiratory infection in children with cystic fibrosis (SCVSA): a multicentre, observational study","volume":"7","author":"D J Wolter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03742.x","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"19","author":"S Yagci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01510-06","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants in cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"45","author":"S Besier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.02.003","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the thymidine-auxotrophic small colony variant phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"297","author":"S Besier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00361-08","article-title":"Clinical characteristics associated with isolation of small-colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"M Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit270","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants are independently associated with worse lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"57","author":"D J Wolter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166220","article-title":"Factors associated with worse lung function in cystic fibrosis patients with persistent Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"11","author":"S Junge","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0496(200101)31:1<13::AID-PPUL1001>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Effect of continuous antistaphylococcal therapy on the rate of P. aeruginosa acquisition in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"F Ratjen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1160OE","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines. Chronic medications for maintenance of lung health","volume":"187","author":"P J Mogayzel Jr.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208949","article-title":"Microbiological efficacy of early MRSA treatment in cystic fibrosis in a randomised controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"M S Muhlebach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"309","article-title":"Early antibiotic treatment for MRSA eradication in cystic fibrosis patients: a multicenter RCT","volume":"51","author":"S Neri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-223","article-title":"Eradication strategy for persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in individuals with cystic fibrosis\u2014the PMEP trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"M T Jennings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2018.07.005","article-title":"Eradication of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"R Dezube","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref53","first-page":"CD003340","article-title":"Antimicrobial drugs for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization","author":"M B Loeb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0213497","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213497","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus eradication in cystic fibrosis patients: a randomized multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"D Dolce","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.2.160","article-title":"Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"84","author":"L S Miall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1144","article-title":"Early pulmonary infection, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in infants with cystic fibrosis","volume":"32","author":"M Rosenfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00614","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00614-2020","article-title":"Chronic infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae fuels airway inflammation","volume":"7","author":"F Saliu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry 2019 Annual Data Report","author":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"242","volume-title":"Cystic Fibrosis. Lung Biology in Health and Diseases. Vol. 242","author":"J L Allen","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181b6d7ec","article-title":"Microbial interactions in the respiratory tract","volume":"28","author":"T F Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1450-1459.2004","article-title":"Dynamics of long-term colonization of respiratory tract by Haemophilus influenzae in cystic fibrosis patients shows a marked increase in hypermutable strains","volume":"42","author":"F Rom\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27230-0","article-title":"Hypermutable Haemophilus influenzae with mutations in mutS are found in cystic fibrosis sputum","volume":"150","author":"M E Watson Jr.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"issue":"004","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0703.S5-004","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenza in cystic fibrosis: 15 years experience","volume":"S5","author":"R Ebbing","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol Diagn"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209279","article-title":"The lower airway microbiota in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"72","author":"K B Frayman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091874","article-title":"Current and emerging therapies to combat cystic fibrosis lung infections","volume":"9","author":"J Manos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00019-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00019-18","article-title":"Epidemiology, biology, and impact of clonal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"M D Parkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)05169-0","article-title":"Spread of beta-lactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a cystic fibrosis clinic","volume":"348","author":"K Cheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0550(02)00003-3","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: pathogenesis and persistence","volume":"3","author":"J C Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1309\/KJRPC7DD5TR9NTDM","article-title":"Mucoid Pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis","volume":"128","author":"B Pritt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2907","article-title":"Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the cystic fibrosis airway: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"10","author":"A Folkesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.07.020","article-title":"Comparing encounter-based and annualized chronic Pseudomonas infection definitions in cystic fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"M Rosenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(02)00141-8","article-title":"Evaluation of a new definition for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"2","author":"T W Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82653-8","article-title":"Pulmonary function and clinical course in patients with cystic fibrosis after pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"116","author":"E Kerem","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.03.006","article-title":"Risk factors for rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis","volume":"151","author":"M W Konstan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00068901","article-title":"Factors associated with poor pulmonary function: cross-sectional analysis of data from the ERCF","volume":"18","author":"J Navarro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.2009.abs","article-title":"Acceleration of lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis after Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition","volume":"32","author":"M R Kosorok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112897","article-title":"Clinical outcome after early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"138","author":"G M Nixon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21325","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life in an observational cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"G S Sawicki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.22.2958","article-title":"Respiratory infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis: early detection by serology and assessment of risk factors","volume":"287","author":"S E West","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950190103","article-title":"Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization on lung function and anthropometric variables in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"A Pamukcu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20619","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"42","author":"J M Courtney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00230-N","article-title":"Gender differences in cystic fibrosis: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"48","author":"C A Demko","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(09)90007-5","article-title":"Prognostic implications of initial oropharyngeal bacterial flora in patients with cystic fibrosis diagnosed before the age of two years","volume":"122","author":"V L Hudson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208083","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of \u2018Prairie Epidemic Strain\u2019 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"72","author":"R Somayaji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.57-71.2004","article-title":"Infection control in cystic fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"L Saiman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00069705","article-title":"Eradication therapy for early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in CF: many questions still unanswered","volume":"26","author":"A M Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121657","article-title":"Treatment of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: the ELITE trial","volume":"65","author":"F Ratjen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.136","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of 4 randomized regimens to treat early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"165","author":"M M Treggiari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2014.06.003","article-title":"Open label study of inhaled aztreonam for Pseudomonas eradication in children with cystic fibrosis: the ALPINE study","volume":"14","author":"H A Tiddens","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201404-166OC","article-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation pulmonary guideline. pharmacologic approaches to prevention and eradication of initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"11","author":"P J Mogayzel Jr.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"65","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta25650","article-title":"Intravenous or oral antibiotic treatment in adults and children with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: the TORPEDO-CF RCT","volume":"25","author":"S C Langton Hewer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.02.007","article-title":"Managing pulmonary infection in adults with cystic fibrosis: adult cystic fibrosis series","volume":"162","author":"H D Green","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.01.007","article-title":"Effectiveness of a stepwise Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication protocol in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"A C Blanchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ377","article-title":"Impact of sustained eradication of new Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on long-term outcomes in cystic fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"N Mayer-Hamblett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.01.008","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and associated clinical outcomes in individuals with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"R Somayaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2018.02.006","article-title":"ECFS best practice guidelines: the 2018 revision","volume":"17","author":"C Castellani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200812-1845PP","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines: treatment of pulmonary exacerbations","volume":"180","author":"P A Flume","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-664OC","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines: chronic medications for maintenance of lung health","volume":"176","author":"P A Flume","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201906-443OC","article-title":"Epidemiology of Burkholderia infections in people with cystic fibrosis in Canada between 2000 and 2017","volume":"17","author":"J EA Zlosnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201408-395OC","article-title":"Burkholderia species infections in patients with cystic fibrosis in British Columbia, Canada. 30 years' experience","volume":"12","author":"J E Zlosnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91881-L","article-title":"Evidence for transmission of Pseudomonas cepacia by social contact in cystic fibrosis","volume":"342","author":"J R Govan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92571-X","article-title":"Person-to-person transmission of Pseudomonas cepacia between patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"336","author":"J J LiPuma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80018-0","article-title":"Ribotype analysis of Pseudomonas cepacia from cystic fibrosis treatment centers","volume":"113","author":"J J LiPuma","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy215","article-title":"Changing rates of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"67","author":"M R Crull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.02.001","article-title":"Infections in patients with cystic fibrosis: diagnostic microbiology update","volume":"34","author":"P H Gilligan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"CD009249","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in people with cystic fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"R Amin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.017707","article-title":"Association between Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and lung function in cystic fibrosis","volume":"59","author":"C H Goss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23943","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a marker of lung disease severity","volume":"53","author":"L Berdah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109078","article-title":"Detecting Stenotrophomonas maltophilia does not reduce survival of patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"166","author":"C H Goss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201009-1392OC","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis: serologic response and effect on lung disease","volume":"183","author":"V Waters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2012.12.006","article-title":"Chronic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and mortality or lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"12","author":"V Waters","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23781","article-title":"Incident Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis","volume":"52","author":"E E Barsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1182-5","article-title":"Achromobacter xylosoxidans respiratory tract infection in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"30","author":"A Lambiase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00051","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00051-2019","article-title":"Impact of Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolation on the respiratory function of adult patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"M Tetart","year":"2019","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2015.03.012","article-title":"Emerging bacterial pathogens and changing concepts of bacterial pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"M D Parkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02556-16","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of Achromobacter species infections in adults with cystic fibrosis: a North American cohort study","volume":"55","author":"B D Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftaa048","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftaa048","article-title":"Activity of airway antimicrobial peptides against cystic fibrosis pathogens","volume":"78","author":"A Cabak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2006.05.011","article-title":"Achromobacter xylosoxidans in cystic fibrosis: prevalence and clinical relevance","volume":"6","author":"F De Baets","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000763","article-title":"Effect of respiratory Achromobacter spp. infection on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"67","author":"R Recio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2009.10.005","article-title":"Inflammation in Achromobacter xylosoxidans infected cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"9","author":"C R Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25793","article-title":"Impact of Achromobacter spp. isolation on clinical outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"57","author":"B Sunman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2013.04.013","article-title":"Early treatment with inhaled antibiotics postpones next occurrence of Achromobacter in cystic fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"M Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-1055-2","article-title":"Cefiderocol: a siderophore cephalosporin with activity against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli","volume":"79","author":"G G Zhanel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1754","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1847","article-title":"Cefiderocol for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans infections","volume":"73","author":"N C Warner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24945","article-title":"Combining bacteriophages with cefiderocol and meropenem\/vaborbactam to treat a pan-drug resistant Achromobacter species infection in a pediatric cystic fibrosis patient","volume":"55","author":"A B Gainey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz476","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz476","article-title":"Clinical outcomes associated with Escherichia coli infections in adults with cystic fibrosis: a cohort study","volume":"7","author":"B D Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2016.01.004","article-title":"Microbial colonization and lung function in adolescents with cystic fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"A Hector","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.08.006","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of the respiratory bacteriology of patients with cystic fibrosis-data from the European cystic fibrosis society patient registry","volume":"19","author":"E Hatziagorou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5176","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5176-5183.2004","article-title":"characterization of bacterial community diversity in cystic fibrosis lung infections by use of 16s ribosomal DNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling","volume":"42","author":"G B Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"51","key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20529","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709804104","article-title":"Molecular identification of bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"104","author":"J K Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.175","article-title":"Partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities","volume":"5","author":"C J van der Gast","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214191","article-title":"Sputum microbiota in adults with CF associates with response to inhaled tobramycin","volume":"75","author":"A Heirali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700832","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00832-2017","article-title":"Airway microbiota across age and disease spectrum in cystic fibrosis","volume":"50","author":"E T Zemanick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-27","article-title":"Unique microbial communities persist in individual cystic fibrosis patients throughout a clinical exacerbation","volume":"1","author":"K E Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201609-668OC","article-title":"The evolving cystic fibrosis microbiome: a comparative cohort study spanning 16 years","volume":"14","author":"N Acosta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00174","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of the cystic fibrosis airway microbiome and volatile metabolites: a case study","volume":"10","author":"A Hahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172811","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172811","article-title":"Longitudinal sampling of the lung microbiota in individuals with cystic fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"F J Whelan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00292-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00292-20","article-title":"High-resolution longitudinal dynamics of the cystic fibrosis sputum microbiome and metabolome through antibiotic therapy","volume":"5","author":"R Raghuvanshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201903-270OC","article-title":"Measures of cystic fibrosis airway microbiota during periods of clinical stability","volume":"16","author":"L J Caverly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02159-5","article-title":"Azithromycin and the microbiota of cystic fibrosis sputum","volume":"21","author":"N Acosta","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0074-9","article-title":"The daily dynamics of cystic fibrosis airway microbiota during clinical stability and at exacerbation","volume":"3","author":"L A Carmody","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201606-431OC","article-title":"Reemergence of lower-airway microbiota in lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"S A Syed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0234-1","article-title":"Sputum DNA sequencing in cystic fibrosis: non-invasive access to the lung microbiome and to pathogen details","volume":"5","author":"R Feigelman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2011.00012","article-title":"Long-term colonization of the cystic fibrosis lung by Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: epidemiology, clonal variation, and genome-wide expression alterations","volume":"1","author":"C P Coutinho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.08.004","article-title":"Clonal epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis","volume":"300","author":"N Cramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194060","article-title":"Fluctuations in airway bacterial communities associated with clinical states and disease stages in cystic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"L A Carmody","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201211-107OC","article-title":"Changes in cystic fibrosis airway microbiota at pulmonary exacerbation","volume":"10","author":"L A Carmody","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.266","article-title":"A Winogradsky-based culture system shows an association between microbial fermentation and cystic fibrosis exacerbation","volume":"9","author":"R A Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-018-0077-y","article-title":"Microbiome networks and change-point analysis reveal key community changes associated with cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations","volume":"5","author":"M Layeghifard","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82432","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082432","article-title":"Microbiota and metabolite profiling reveal specific alterations in bacterial community structure and environment in the cystic fibrosis airway during exacerbation","volume":"8","author":"K B Twomey","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00203013","article-title":"Pyrosequencing reveals transient cystic fibrosis lung microbiome changes with intravenous antibiotics","volume":"44","author":"D J Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211510","article-title":"Sputum microbiota is predictive of long-term clinical outcomes in young adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"73","author":"N Acosta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10241","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10241","article-title":"Lung microbiota across age and disease stage in cystic fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"B Coburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00810-3","article-title":"Lung function and microbiota diversity in cystic fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"L Cuthbertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.198","article-title":"Respiratory microbiota resistance and resilience to pulmonary exacerbation and subsequent antimicrobial intervention","volume":"10","author":"L Cuthbertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01217-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01217-20","article-title":"Same game, different players: emerging pathogens of the CF lung","volume":"12","author":"A D Gannon","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00767","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00767-15","article-title":"Pediatric cystic fibrosis sputum can be chemically dynamic, anoxic, and extremely reduced due to hydrogen sulfide formation","volume":"6","author":"E S Cowley","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213870","article-title":"Effects of reduced mucus oxygen concentration in airway Pseudomonas infections of cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"109","author":"D Worlitzsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00295-2","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa anaerobic respiration in biofilms: relationships to cystic fibrosis pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"S S Yoon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200708-1151OC","article-title":"Detection of anaerobic bacteria in high numbers in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"177","author":"M M Tunney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800242","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00242-2018","article-title":"Anaerobic bacteria cultured from cystic fibrosis airways correlate to milder disease: a multisite study","volume":"52","author":"M S Muhlebach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02659.x","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant obligate anaerobes during exacerbations of cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"15","author":"D Worlitzsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2908","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002908","article-title":"Molecular detection of multiple emerging pathogens in sputa from cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"3","author":"F Bittar","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.04.002","article-title":"The genus Prevotella in cystic fibrosis airways","volume":"16","author":"T R Field","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22702","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022702","article-title":"Culture enriched molecular profiling of the cystic fibrosis airway microbiome","volume":"6","author":"C D Sibley","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062917","article-title":"Inflammation and airway microbiota during cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations","volume":"8","author":"E T Zemanick","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"39","key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804326105","article-title":"A polymicrobial perspective of pulmonary infections exposes an enigmatic pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"105","author":"C D Sibley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801146","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01146-2018","article-title":"Good cop, bad cop: anaerobes in cystic fibrosis airways","volume":"52","author":"L J Caverly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03803.x","article-title":"Modulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene expression by host microflora through interspecies communication","volume":"50","author":"K Duan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000184","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000184","article-title":"Discerning the complexity of community interactions using a Drosophila model of polymicrobial infections","volume":"4","author":"C D Sibley","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.76","article-title":"The fermentation product 2,3-butanediol alters P. aeruginosa clearance, cytokine response and the lung microbiome","volume":"10","author":"M Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0031121","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00311-21","article-title":"The gut-lung axis in cystic fibrosis","volume":"203","author":"C E Price","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824101","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.824101","article-title":"Commensal Bacteria in the cystic fibrosis airway microbiome reduce P. aeruginosa induced inflammation","volume":"12","author":"A Tony-Odigie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00151-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00151-18","article-title":"Tracking polymicrobial metabolism in cystic fibrosis airways: Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolism and physiology are influenced by Rothia mucilaginosa-derived metabolites","volume":"3","author":"B Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"MSphere"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01662","article-title":"CFTR Modulators: the changing face of cystic fibrosis in the era of precision medicine","volume":"10","author":"M Lopes-Pacheco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu944","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients with G551D-CFTR treated with ivacaftor","volume":"60","author":"S L Heltshe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0703OC","article-title":"Clinical mechanism of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator ivacaftor in G551D-mediated cystic fibrosis","volume":"190","author":"S M Rowe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201902-122OC","article-title":"Ivacaftor is associated with reduced lung infection by key cystic fibrosis pathogens. a cohort study using national registry data","volume":"16","author":"F J Frost","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1954OC","article-title":"Restoring cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function reduces airway bacteria and inflammation in people with cystic fibrosis and chronic lung infections","volume":"195","author":"K B Hisert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201907-493OC","article-title":"Changes in airway microbiome and inflammation with ivacaftor treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis and the G551D mutation","volume":"17","author":"J K Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2020.12.023","article-title":"Extended-culture and culture-independent molecular analysis of the airway microbiota in cystic fibrosis following CFTR modulation with ivacaftor","volume":"20","author":"G G Einarsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref183","first-page":"00082","article-title":"Clinical development of triple-combination CFTR modulators for cystic fibrosis patients with one or two F508del alleles","volume":"5","author":"J L Taylor-Cousar","year":"2019","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200016","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0016-2020","article-title":"The era of CFTR modulators: improvements made and remaining challenges","volume":"16","author":"S Cuevas-Oca\u00f1a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32597-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the elexacaftor plus tezacaftor plus ivacaftor combination regimen in people with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the F508del mutation: a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"H GM Heijerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.11.003","article-title":"A restructuring of microbiome niche space is associated with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor therapy in the cystic fibrosis lung","author":"L M Sosinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0265-7","article-title":"The effects of inhaled aztreonam on the cystic fibrosis lung microbiome","volume":"5","author":"A A Heirali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.02.003","article-title":"PROMISE: Working with the CF community to understand emerging clinical and research needs for those treated with highly effective CFTR modulator therapy","volume":"20","author":"D P Nichols","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.07.008","article-title":"The impact of CFTR modulator therapies on CF airway microbiology","volume":"19","author":"G B Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201704-0717OC","article-title":"Tezacaftor\/ivacaftor in subjects with cystic fibrosis and F508del\/F508del-CFTR or F508del\/G551D-CFTR","volume":"197","author":"S H Donaldson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref191","first-page":"00162","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"4","author":"T E Woo","year":"2018","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00247.x","article-title":"Quinolones: from antibiotics to autoinducers","volume":"35","author":"S Heeb","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6b00035","article-title":"An \u201cUnlikely\u201d pair: the antimicrobial synergy of polymyxin b in combination with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator drugs KALYDECO and ORKAMBI","volume":"2","author":"E K Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2014.02.004","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor","volume":"13","author":"L R Reznikov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.014","article-title":"Activity of innate antimicrobial peptides and ivacaftor against clinical cystic fibrosis respiratory pathogens","volume":"50","author":"J E Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418815615","article-title":"Ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, enhances ciprofloxacin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"33","author":"D Y Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(21)01917-2","article-title":"493: Effects of elexacaftor\/tezacaftor\/ivacaftor on antimicrobial functions of CF neutrophils","volume":"20","author":"F Robledo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2013.05.013","article-title":"Induced sputum compared to bronchoalveolar lavage in young, non-expectorating cystic fibrosis children","volume":"13","author":"H Blau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129847","article-title":"Induced sputum inflammatory measures correlate with lung function in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"141","author":"S D Sagel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30171-1","article-title":"The CF-sputum induction trial (CF-SpIT) to assess lower airway bacterial sampling in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective internally controlled interventional trial","volume":"6","author":"K Ronchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-731OC","article-title":"Inflammatory and microbiologic markers in induced sputum after intravenous antibiotics in cystic fibrosis","volume":"168","author":"C L Ordo\u00f1ez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.06.002","article-title":"Exhaled breath condensate: an update","volume":"38","author":"M D Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020-13","article-title":"Clinical application of volatile organic compound analysis for detecting infectious diseases","volume":"26","author":"S Sethi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.12.4.521-526.1980","article-title":"Headspace analysis of volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"12","author":"J N Labows","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5146","article-title":"Quantification of methyl thiocyanate in the headspace of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures and in the breath of cystic fibrosis patients by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry","volume":"25","author":"V Shestivska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-113","article-title":"Molecular analysis of volatile metabolites released specifically by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"12","author":"W Filipiak","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181df4ea0","article-title":"Metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in cystic fibrosis patients and controls","volume":"68","author":"C M Robroeks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00872.x","article-title":"Structural lung changes, lung function, and non-invasive inflammatory markers in cystic fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"C M Robroeks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-017-1241-8","article-title":"Exhaled breath analysis: a review of \u2018breath-taking\u2019 methods for off-line analysis","volume":"13","author":"O Lawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201402-050AS","article-title":"Antibiotic management of lung infections in cystic fibrosis. I. The microbiome, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria, and multiple infections","volume":"11","author":"J F Chmiel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref215","volume-title":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry: 2019 Annual Data Report","author":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758732.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T01:27:00Z","timestamp":1678411620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1758732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"references-count":210,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758732","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-3424","1098-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-3424","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-9048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]}}}