{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:12:00Z","timestamp":1788361920826,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to investigate by finite element method analysis the behaviour of a three-implant mandible Toronto framework made by three different materials, with two abutment systems and two loading conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and Methods\u2003Three implants were virtually inserted in a mandible model in positions 3.6, 4.1, and 4.6. Three prosthetic framework bars with the same design and dimension (4.8\u2009\u00d7\u20095.5\u2009mm) were projected. The variables introduced in the computer model were the framework materials (glass fiber reinforced resin, Co-Cr, TiAl6V4), the abutment systems (Multi-Unit-Abutment [MUA]\/OT-Bridge), and the loading conditions (500\u2009N vertical load on all the framework area and 400\u2009N on a 7-mm distal cantilever). The computer was programmed with physical properties of the materials as derived from the literature. Maximum tension and deformation values for each variable were registered at framework, screws, and abutment level and then compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003Metal frameworks Cr-Co and TiAl6V4 resulted in lower deformation than glass fiber-reinforced resin frameworks while presenting higher tension values. The OT-Bridge exhibited lower maximum tension and deformation values than the MUA system. The first loading condition reached higher tension and deformation values than the second and it resulted in more uniformly distributed load on all the framework area, especially with the OT-Bridge system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003More rigid materials and OT-Bridge system decrease the deformation on the prosthetic components. Tension stresses are more uniformly distributed with glass fiber-reinforced resin, in the OT-Bridge system and avoiding cantilever loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T18:44:24Z","timestamp":1674672264000},"page":"1097-1105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of Tension and Deformation in a Mandibular Toronto Bridge Anchored on Three Fixtures Using Different Framework Materials, Abutment Systems, and Loading Conditions: A FEM Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pozzan Mario","family":"Cesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Mochi Zamperoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Martina","family":"Gianoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIR Dental School Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Mollica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santo","family":"Catapano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.12.023","article-title":"The use of monolithic lithium disilicate for posterior screw-retained implant crowns","volume":"118","author":"N Mobilio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.5601","article-title":"Survival rates of lithium disilicate single restorations: a retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"N Mobilio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12550","article-title":"Immediately restored full arch-fixed prosthesis on implants placed in both healed and fresh extraction sockets after computer-planned flapless guided surgery. A 3-year follow-up study","volume":"19","author":"G Ciabattoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","first-page":"329","article-title":"Fixed implant rehabilitation for the edentulous maxilla","volume":"6","author":"T D Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(88)80047-X","article-title":"A classification of the edentulous jaws","volume":"17","author":"J I Cawood","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12132","article-title":"Clinical reliability of CAD\/CAM cross-arch zirconia bridges on immediately loaded implants placed with computer-assisted\/template-guided surgery: a retrospective study with a follow-up between 3 and 5 years","volume":"17","author":"A Pozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E52","DOI":"10.3390\/mps3030052","article-title":"Three-dimensional radiographic evaluation of the malar bone engagement available for ideal zygomatic implant placement","volume":"3","author":"G Pellegrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Protoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2011.00395.x","article-title":"\u201cAll-on-4\u201d immediate-function concept for completely edentulous maxillae: a clinical report on the medium (3 years) and long-term (5 years) outcomes","volume":"14","author":"P Mal\u00f3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12089","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of 800 Br\u00e5nemark System implants following the All-on-Four\u2122 protocol","volume":"23","author":"T J Balshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12380","article-title":"Five-year results of a randomized controlled trial comparing patients rehabilitated with immediately loaded maxillary cross-arch fixed dental prosthesis supported by four or six implants placed using guided surgery","volume":"18","author":"M Tallarico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02344.x","article-title":"A prospective study on implants installed with flapless-guided surgery using the all-on-four concept in the mandible","volume":"24","author":"R A Land\u00e1zuri-Del Barrio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01439.x","article-title":"Comparison of survival and complication rates of tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and implant-supported FDPs and single crowns (SCs)","volume":"18","author":"B E Pjetursson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(03)00212-9","article-title":"Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses","volume":"90","author":"C J Goodacre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02538.x","article-title":"Cemented and screw-retained implant reconstructions: a systematic review of the survival and complication rates","volume":"23","author":"I Sailer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3390\/app11020622","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the stability of prosthetic screws under cyclic loading in implant prosthodontics: an in vitro study","volume":"11","author":"S Catapano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15041582","article-title":"Assessment of preload loss after cyclic loading in the OT Bridge system in an \u201cAll-on-Four\u201d rehabilitation model in the absence of one and two prosthesis screws","volume":"15","author":"M C Pozzan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715550","article-title":"FEM analysis applied to OT Bridge abutment with Seeger retention system","volume":"15","author":"G Cervino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12524","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312524","article-title":"Obturator prosthesis rehabilitation after maxillectomy: functional and aesthetical analysis in 25 patients","volume":"18","author":"M Corsalini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis2030013","article-title":"Implant-supported prosthetic therapy of an edentulous patient: clinical and technical aspects","volume":"2","author":"L Ortensi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E84","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7030084","article-title":"Effectiveness of ball attachment systems in implant retained- and supported-overdentures: a three- to five-year retrospective examination","volume":"7","author":"L Ortensi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716632","article-title":"1-year evaluation of OT Bridge abutments for immediately loaded maxillary fixed restorations: a multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"R Acampora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-019-00440-8","article-title":"A clinical study on the 6-year outcomes of immediately loaded three implants for completely edentulous mandibles: \u201cthe all-on-3 concept\u201d","volume":"108","author":"M Ayna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.6666","article-title":"A within-subject comparison of patient satisfaction and quality of life between a two-implant overdenture and a three-implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis in the mandible","volume":"33","author":"D Beresford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref24","first-page":"323","article-title":"Immediate loading of three (fixed-on-3) vs four (fixed-on-4) implants supporting cross-arch fixed prostheses: 1-year results from a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"G Cannizzaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Implantology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref25","first-page":"1584","article-title":"All-on-three delayed implant loading concept for the completely edentulous maxilla and mandible: a retrospective 5-year follow-up study","volume":"27","author":"J Oliva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.07.059","article-title":"Comparison between all-on-four and all-on-six treatment concepts and framework material on stress distribution in atrophic maxilla: a prototyping guided 3D-FEA study","volume":"69","author":"C LB Bhering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13119","article-title":"Technical complications and prosthesis survival rates with implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses: a retrospective study with 1- to 12-year follow-up","volume":"29","author":"P Papaspyridakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820160406","article-title":"The influence of implant geometry on the stress distribution around dental implants","volume":"16","author":"S D Cook","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1488168","article-title":"Time-dependent circumferential deformation of cortical bone upon internal radial loading","volume":"124","author":"C U Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2008.00142.x","article-title":"Finite-element analysis of stress on dental implant prosthesis","volume":"12","author":"J H Rubo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E592","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12040592","article-title":"FEM analysis of dental implant-abutment interface overdenture components and parametric evaluation of Equator\u00ae and Locator\u00ae prosthodontics attachments","volume":"12","author":"M Cicci\u00f9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731833","article-title":"Mechanical response of PEKK and PEEK as frameworks for implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prosthesis: 3D finite element analysis","volume":"16","author":"R F Villefort","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","first-page":"239","article-title":"Deflection of superstructure and stress concentrations in the IMZ implant system","volume":"7","author":"D C Holmes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref34","first-page":"254","article-title":"Finite element analysis of ceramic abutment-restoration combinations for osseointegrated implants","volume":"9","author":"G Papavasiliou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1563\/1548-1336(2008)34[1:AFEAOT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A finite element analysis of two different dental implants: stress distribution in the prosthesis, abutment, implant, and supporting bone","volume":"34","author":"S ET Quaresma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2000.tb00104.x","article-title":"Implant-abutment interface: biomechanical study of flat top versus conical","volume":"2","author":"S Hansson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(93)90109-2","article-title":"Effect of a full-arch maxillary occlusal splint on parafunctional activity during sleep in patients with nocturnal bruxism and signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders","volume":"69","author":"K Holmgren","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1998.00318.x","article-title":"Finite element analysis of non-axial versus axial loading of oral implants in the mandible of the dog","volume":"25","author":"L Barbier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2001.115251","article-title":"Application of finite element analysis in implant dentistry: a review of the literature","volume":"85","author":"J P Geng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758785.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T18:42:34Z","timestamp":1703875354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1758785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1758785","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]}}}