{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:11:53Z","timestamp":1790208713281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003With this study, we evaluated the short-term effects of different modes and settings of noninvasive respiratory support on gas exchange, breathing parameters, and thoracoabdominal synchrony in preterm infants in the acute phase of moderate respiratory distress syndrome.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003A feasibility crossover trial was conducted in neonates\u2009&lt;\u200932 weeks' gestation on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) or bilevel n-CPAP. Infants were delivered the following settings in consecutive order for 10\u2009minutes each: \u2022 n-CPAP (5\u2009cm H2O) \u2022 bilevel n-CPAP 1 (Pres low\u2009=\u20095\u2009cm H2O, Pres high\u2009=\u20097\u2009cm H2O, T-high\u2009=\u20091 second, rate\u2009=\u200930\/min) \u2022 n-CPAP (5\u2009cm H2O) \u2022 bilevel n-CPAP 2 (Pres low\u2009=\u20095\u2009cm H2O, Pres high\u2009=\u20097\u2009cm H2O, T-high\u2009=\u20092 second, rate\u2009=\u200915\/min) \u2022 n-CPAP (5\u2009cm H2O). During each phase, physiologic parameters were recorded; the thoracoabdominal synchrony expressed by the phase angle (\u03a6) and other respiratory patterns were monitored by noncalibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Fourteen preterm infants were analyzed. The mean CPAP level was significantly lower in the n-CPAP period compared with bilevel n-CPAP 1 and 2 (p\u2009=\u20090.03). Higher values were achieved with bilevel n-CPAP 2 (6.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 vs. 5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2009cm H2O, respectively; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No statistical difference in the \u03a6 was detected, nor between the three settings.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Our study did not show any superiority of bilevel n-CPAP over n-CPAP. However, nonsynchronized bilevel n-CPAP might be helpful when additional pressure is needed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T18:55:15Z","timestamp":1670266515000},"page":"S63-S67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Different Settings of Nonsynchronized Bilevel Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Respiratory Function in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cavigioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, \u201cV.Buzzi\u201d Children's Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilia","family":"Bresesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, \u201cV.Buzzi\u201d Children's Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, \u201cV.Buzzi\u201d Children's Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Castoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, \u201cV.Buzzi\u201d Children's Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Gavilanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Gazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Agosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, \u201cV.Buzzi\u201d Children's Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-2756(02)00192-6","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: changes in pathogenesis, epidemiology and definition","volume":"8","author":"E Bancalari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14611","article-title":"National surveys of UK and Italian neonatal units highlighted significant differences in the use of non-invasive respiratory support","volume":"108","author":"I Bresesti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20276","article-title":"Nasal bilevel vs. continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants","volume":"40","author":"C 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