{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:37:05Z","timestamp":1777905425627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003The main objective of this report was to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in 2021 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to compare them with those in the five previous RSV seasons. We hypothesized that the clinical and demographic features of children hospitalized with RSV infection in 2021 were different from those hospitalized in previous respiratory seasons.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003In this retrospective observational study, children younger than 2 years hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, at the Department of Pediatrics of the Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain, were included. We compared the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis in the five seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the subsequent off-seasonal surge of RSV infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003We found a significant reduction in hospitalizations for RSV bronchiolitis during the usual winter epidemic period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Children hospitalized with RSV infection in 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, were older than children hospitalized in the prepandemic period (2015\u20132020; 4.0 [1.6\u20139.2] vs. 3 [1.5\u20136.5] months; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). We also found shorter duration of oxygen days during the COVID-19 period compared with previous respiratory seasons (3 [2\u20135] vs. 4 [2\u20136] days; p\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003The COVID-19 pandemic modified the RSV seasonality with a significant reduction in RSV hospitalizations during the expected 2020\u20132021 season and a reappearance of RSV 7 months later than expected. We also found changes in the median age of children with RSV bronchiolitis during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic compared with the prepandemic RSV seasons and shorter duration of oxygen days suggesting a modest reduction in disease severity. We hypothesize that this observation reflects the lack of RSV circulation in the previous months (April 2020-March 2021), with a larger pool of vulnerable infants that had not been previously infected.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1759602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T23:48:10Z","timestamp":1671666490000},"page":"515-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical Phenotype of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6985-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IISGM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IISGM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Perez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IISGM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IISGM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"de la Mata Navazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IISGM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Toledo del Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IISGM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Saavedra Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Voltas Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Manso Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mi\u00f1arro Berlanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asuncion","family":"Mejias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Octavio","family":"Ramilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"372","author":"C B Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","article-title":"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a 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