{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:22:03Z","timestamp":1792549323487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To compare the efficacy of quadratus lumborum (QL) block and intrathecal morphine (M) for postcesarean delivery analgesia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Thirty-one pregnant women with \u2265 37 weeks of gestation submitted to elective cesarean section were included in the study. They were randomly allocated to either the QL group (12.5\u2009mg 0.5% bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia and 0.3\u2009ml\/kg 0.2% bupivacaine for QL block) or the M group (12.5\u2009mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 100 mcg of morphine in spinal anesthesia). The visual analog scale of pain, consumption of morphine and tramadol for pain relief in 48\u2009hours, and side effects were recorded.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Median pain score and\/or pain variation were higher in the morphine group than in the QL group (p\u2009=\u20090.02). There was no significant difference in the consumption of morphine or tramadol between groups over time. Side effects such as pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were observed only in the morphine group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Quadratus lumborum block and intrathecal morphine are effective for analgesia after cesarean section. Patients undergoing QL block had lower postoperative pain scores without the undesirable side effects of opioids such as nausea, vomiting, and pruritus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1759728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T23:45:53Z","timestamp":1672357553000},"page":"1083-1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Quadratus Lumborum Block and Intrathecal Morphine for Postcesarean Analgesia"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7655-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karoline Moura de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Henrique Cunha","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6573-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue Yasaki","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1405-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosiane","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"47794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00786.x","article-title":"Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates","volume":"21","author":"A P Betr\u00e1n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005671","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005671","article-title":"Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: global and regional estimates","volume":"6","author":"A P Betran","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.07.011","article-title":"Severity of acute pain after childbirth, but not type of delivery, predicts persistent pain and postpartum depression","volume":"140","author":"J C Eisenach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.05.061","article-title":"Undertreated or overtreated? Opioids for postdelivery analgesia","volume":"121","author":"C A Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_61_19","article-title":"Comparison of transversus abdominis plane block and quadratus lumborum block for post-caesarean section analgesia: A randomised clinical trial","volume":"63","author":"K Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14966-5","article-title":"Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery","volume":"362","author":"H Kehlet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_313_16","article-title":"Post-caesarean analgesia: What is new?","volume":"61","author":"S Kerai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14756","article-title":"Determinants of women's dissatisfaction with anaesthesia care in labour and delivery","volume":"74","author":"M Yurashevich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","first-page":"222","article-title":"Acute and chronic pain: where we are and where we have to go","volume":"78","author":"M Allegri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12613","article-title":"Risk factors for persistent pain and its influence on maternal wellbeing after cesarean section","volume":"94","author":"B Niklasson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199902000-00018","article-title":"Dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine for postcesarean analgesia","volume":"90","author":"C M Palmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000083374.44039.9E","article-title":"Intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia: a randomized, controlled, dose-ranging study after hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"97","author":"J P Rathmell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer061","article-title":"Comparison of transversus abdominis plane block vs spinal morphine for pain relief after Caesarean section","volume":"106","author":"R C McMorrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181e30b9f","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of subarachnoid morphine in comparison with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"111","author":"G E Kanazi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"903","volume-title":"Analg\u00e9sicos opioides","author":"F Kazuhiko","year":"2019"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2013.10.014","article-title":"Efic\u00e1cia analg\u00e9sica do bloqueio ecoguiado do plano transverso do abdome - revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica","volume":"65","author":"J Ripoll\u00e9s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d32841","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine: ultrasound guidance for truncal blocks","volume":"35","author":"M S Abrahams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref18","first-page":"130","article-title":"Tap block under ultrasound guidance: the description of a \u201cno pops technique\u201d","volume":"32","author":"R Blanco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000299","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"R Blanco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0015","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Quadratus Lumborum Block type I using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section - a controlled clinical study","volume":"89","author":"M M Mieszkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109715","article-title":"Single injection Quadratus Lumborum block for postoperative analgesia in adult surgical population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Z Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2018.03.001","article-title":"[Continuous quadratus lumborum type II block in partial nephrectomy]","volume":"68","author":"R Gra\u00e7a","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0692-z","article-title":"Ultrasound guided continuous Quadratus Lumborum block hastened recovery in patients undergoing open liver resection: a randomized controlled, open-label trial","volume":"19","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00269","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided bilateral quadratus lumborum block vs. intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"E R Salama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000495","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"R Blanco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S202772","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effects of various quadratus lumborum block approaches following cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"W Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000680","article-title":"Injectate spread following anterior sub-costal and posterior approaches to the quadratus lumborum block: A comparative cadaveric study","volume":"34","author":"H Elsharkawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.07.002","article-title":"Women's and men's negative experience of child birth-A cross-sectional survey","volume":"31","author":"A Nystedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2016.01.007","article-title":"[Fear of childbirth among nulliparous women: Relations with pain during delivery, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and postpartum depressive symptoms]","volume":"42","author":"P Gosselin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew224","article-title":"A cadaver study comparing spread of dye and nerve involvement after three different quadratus lumborum blocks","volume":"117","author":"L Carline","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia \/ RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journalrbgo.org\/article\/randomized-clinical-trial-comparing-quadratus-lumborum-block-and-intrathecal-morphine-for-postcesarean-analgesia\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1759728.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T20:54:04Z","timestamp":1721336044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalrbgo.org\/article\/randomized-clinical-trial-comparing-quadratus-lumborum-block-and-intrathecal-morphine-for-postcesarean-analgesia\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1759728","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0100-7203","1806-9339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0100-7203","type":"print"},{"value":"1806-9339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}