{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:37:31Z","timestamp":1772167051225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injuries of the ankle ligaments complexes are very common, and \u223c 20 to 40% of patients can develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Current concepts in CAI allow a better understanding of the ankle biomechanics needed to repair it. The surgical treatment of CAI has evolved in the last decade, and ankle arthroscopy has become an essential tool in the treatment of instability with promising results. We review the different surgical techniques to treat CAI, both those frequently used and the new approaches, as well as the normal postsurgical appearance of ankle ligaments repair and the most common complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1760245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T23:36:02Z","timestamp":1676504162000},"page":"644-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Instability and Microinstability Secondary to Ankle Ligaments Injury"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alexeys","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Llopis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Ribera, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Cerezal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostico medico Cantabria, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability","volume":"37","author":"J Hertel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310040401","article-title":"Effect of peripheral afferent alteration of the lateral ankle ligaments on dynamic stability","volume":"31","author":"J B Myers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801901002","article-title":"Persistent disability associated with ankle sprains: a prospective examination of an athletic population","volume":"19","author":"J P Gerber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","first-page":"551","article-title":"Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of \u201cchronic\u201d ligament ruptures","volume":"132","author":"L Brostr\u00f6m","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"391","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200110000-00013","article-title":"Complications of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction","author":"V J Sammarco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500402","article-title":"Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction. An in vitro comparison of the Brostr\u00f6m repair, Watson-Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstruction technique","volume":"25","author":"R Bahr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200510","article-title":"Long-term outcome of anatomical reconstruction versus tenodesis for the treatment of chronic anterolateral instability of the ankle joint: a multicenter study","volume":"22","author":"R Krips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.19600","article-title":"Postoperative imaging of the ankle","volume":"211","author":"M K Jesse","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1100-x","article-title":"Anatomy of the ankle ligaments: a pictorial essay","volume":"18","author":"P Golan\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The ankle in football, sports and traumatology: anatomy of the ankle","author":"P Golan\u00f3","year":"2014"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627863","article-title":"The arterial supply of the ankle joint and its importance for the operative fracture treatment","volume":"19","author":"G D Giebel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00046","article-title":"Ankle arthroscopy: an update","volume":"99","author":"J Vega","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5188-8","article-title":"The lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex: an ankle stabilizing isometric structure","volume":"28","author":"J Vega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2008.08.005","article-title":"Current status and potential of primary ACL repair","volume":"28","author":"M M Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","first-page":"71","article-title":"Innovations in chronic ankle instability","volume":"27","author":"J Vega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Cir Pie"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300612","article-title":"Anatomical study of the medial ankle ligament complex","volume":"23","author":"A P Boss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801901109","article-title":"Anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the human ankle joint","volume":"19","author":"C E Milner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677908989759","article-title":"Anatomical basis of variability in injuries of the medial malleolus and the deltoid ligament. I. Anatomical studies","volume":"50","author":"A M Pankovich","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1100-x","article-title":"Anatomy of the ankle ligaments: a pictorial essay","volume":"18","author":"P Golan\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638040-00005","article-title":"Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle joint","volume":"38-A","author":"J R Close","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281813","article-title":"Ligamentous posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"V Valderrabano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000209","article-title":"Syndesmosis sprains of the ankle. The influence of heterotopic ossification","volume":"20","author":"D C Taylor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.47B4.669","article-title":"Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle","volume":"47","author":"M A Freeman","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029050-00005","article-title":"Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain","volume":"29","author":"J Hertel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1697-2198(16)30026-X","article-title":"Novedades en la inestabilidad cr\u00f3nica de tobillo","volume":"27","author":"J Vega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista del Pie y Tobillo."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Soft-tissue lesions of the ankle","author":"R D Ferkel","year":"1996"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900504","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of anterolateral impingement of the ankle","volume":"19","author":"R D Ferkel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B7.0821019","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment for impingement of the anterolateral soft tissues of the ankle","volume":"82","author":"S H Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508315537","article-title":"Arthroscopic and magnetic resonance image appearance and reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament in cases of apparent functional ankle instability","volume":"36","author":"M Takao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"240","key":"ref30","first-page":"210","article-title":"Progress in ankle arthroscopy","author":"R D Ferkel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100204","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of synovial impingement of the ankle","volume":"21","author":"R J Meislin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1100641","article-title":"Lateral ankle instability: MR imaging of associated injuries and surgical treatment procedures","volume":"12","author":"L Alparslan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4736-y","article-title":"Combined arthroscopic all-inside repair of lateral and medial ankle ligaments is an effective treatment for rotational ankle instability","volume":"28","author":"J Vega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0873","article-title":"Deltoid ligament abnormalities in chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"32","author":"J R Crim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref35","first-page":"691","article-title":"[Chronic ankle instability]","volume":"110","author":"V Valderrabano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.11.018","article-title":"What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? A systematic literature review","volume":"121","author":"R M van Rijn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921944","article-title":"What the orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon wants to know from MR imaging","volume":"9","author":"B Hintermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.15.00074","article-title":"Operative treatment of lateral ankle instability","volume":"4","author":"Y Yasui","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Foot & Ankle Arthroscopy","author":"R D Ferkel","year":"2017"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref40","first-page":"551","article-title":"Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of \u201cchronic\u201d ligament ruptures","volume":"132","author":"L Brostr\u00f6m","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400402","article-title":"Outcomes of the Chrisman-Snook and modified-Brostr\u00f6m procedures for chronic lateral ankle instability. A prospective, randomized comparison","volume":"24","author":"W L Hennrikus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100206","article-title":"Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle","volume":"1","author":"N Gould","year":"1980","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713477622","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of Brostrom versus Brostrom-Gould lateral ankle instability repairs","volume":"34","author":"S B Behrens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518820529","article-title":"Ankle lateral ligament augmentation versus the modified Brostr\u00f6m-Gould procedure: a 5-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"M Porter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B3.3372575","article-title":"Lateral instability of the ankle treated by the Evans procedure. A long-term clinical and radiological follow-up","volume":"70","author":"J Karlsson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3631-7","article-title":"Comparison of Brostr\u00f6m technique, suture anchor repair, and tape augmentation for reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament","volume":"24","author":"R Schuh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12516","article-title":"Modified Brostr\u00f6m repair with and without augmentation using suture tape for chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"11","author":"D L Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2020.07.004","article-title":"Chronic lateral ankle instability: surgical management","volume":"39","author":"E Ferkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715592217","article-title":"Minimal invasive suture-tape augmentation for chronic ankle instability","volume":"36","author":"B K Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00095-4","article-title":"Acute ankle injury and chronic lateral instability in the athlete","volume":"23","author":"B F DiGiovanni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200810000-00006","article-title":"Management of acute and chronic ankle instability","volume":"16","author":"N Maffulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512455397","article-title":"Anatomic lateral ligament reconstruction in the ankle: a hybrid technique in the athletic population","volume":"40","author":"J G Kennedy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3072-8","article-title":"Lateral ankle ligament reconstruction using the anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon","volume":"23","author":"H N Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"501","article-title":"A new method for operative treatment of insufficiency of the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint","volume":"117","author":"H Storen","year":"1959","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1666-y","article-title":"Anatomic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments using a semitendinosus tendon allograft and interference screws","volume":"20","author":"H G Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1577-7","article-title":"Anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle with semitendinosus allograft","volume":"36","author":"Y Hua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"519","article-title":"Recurrent forward dislocation of the ankle joint","volume":"34","author":"R Watson-Jones","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.0830014","article-title":"A long-term review of a modified Evans procedure","volume":"83","author":"G A Nimon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B2.0840232","article-title":"Anatomical reconstruction and Evans tenodesis of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Clinical and radiological findings after follow-up for 15 to 30 years","volume":"84","author":"R Krips","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-010-0299-x","article-title":"Modified Chrisman-Snook repair for the treatment of chronic ankle ligamentous instability in children and adolescents","volume":"4","author":"J Yang Jr","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00017-X","article-title":"NOVEL Award 1996: 2nd prize Tenodeses do not fully restore ankle joint loading characteristics: a biomechanical in vitro investigation in the hind foot","volume":"12","author":"D Rosenbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200811000-00004","article-title":"Advancements in ankle arthroscopy","volume":"16","author":"C N van Dijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507302545","article-title":"Syndesmotic ankle sprains in athletes","volume":"35","author":"G N Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0371","article-title":"Correlating MRI findings with disability in syndesmotic sprains of NFL players","volume":"33","author":"R S Sikka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.03.001","article-title":"Evaluation and management of ankle syndesmosis injuries","volume":"12","author":"E P Mulligan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.21.4.197","article-title":"The ankle ligaments: consideration of syndesmotic injury and implications for rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"T Brosky","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsa.0000212329.32969.b8","article-title":"Evidence-based approach to treatment of acute traumatic syndesmosis (high ankle) sprains","volume":"14","author":"A Amendola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80014-3","article-title":"Disruption of the ankle syndesmosis: biomechanical study of the ligamentous restraints","volume":"10","author":"D J Ogilvie-Harris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B4.19750","article-title":"Injuries to the tibiofibular syndesmosis","volume":"90","author":"R Dattani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00094","article-title":"Injuries to the ankle syndesmosis","volume":"96","author":"T J Van Heest","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3942-8","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of acute isolated syndesmotic injuries: ESSKA-AFAS consensus and guidelines","volume":"24","author":"C N van Dijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.N.00083","article-title":"Treatment of syndesmotic injuries of the ankle: a critical analysis review","volume":"3","author":"C B Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518804804","article-title":"Suture button versus syndesmotic screw for syndesmosis injuries: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"47","author":"Y Shimozono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4820-3","article-title":"Lower complication rate and faster return to sports in patients with acute syndesmotic rupture treated with a new knotless suture button device","volume":"26","author":"C Colcuc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2009.07.013","article-title":"Transosseous fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis: comparison of an interosseous suture and EndoButton to traditional screw fixation in 50 cases","volume":"48","author":"J M Cottom","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"431","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000151845.75230.a0","article-title":"Suture-button syndesmosis fixation: accelerated rehabilitation and improved outcomes","author":"B Thornes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1500-2","article-title":"Acute distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury: a systematic review of suture-button versus syndesmotic screw repair","volume":"36","author":"T Schepers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000427","article-title":"Anatomic ligament repair restores ankle and syndesmotic rotational stability as much as syndesmotic screw fixation","volume":"30","author":"P C Schottel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2018.07.008","article-title":"Medial ankle instability: the deltoid dilemma","volume":"23","author":"S Alshalawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomical lateral and medial ligament reconstruction in rotational chronic ankle instability","author":"M Wiewiorski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199403000-00042","article-title":"Reconstruction of a severe grinding injury to the medial malleolus and the deltoid ligament of the ankle using a free plantaris tendon graft and vascularized gracilis free muscle transfer: case report","volume":"36","author":"M I Boyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthtr.2015.06.006","article-title":"Chronic rotational ankle instability-a case series study","volume":"31","author":"Y Alrashidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sport-Orthop\u00e3die-Sport-Traumatologie"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"341","article-title":"Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments","volume":"44","author":"M R Colville","year":"1995","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101200310","article-title":"Chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"12","author":"J W Peters","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2006.03.005","article-title":"Ankle anatomy for the arthroscopist. Part I: The portals","volume":"11","author":"P Golano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref86","first-page":"241","article-title":"The superficial peroneal nerve at the foot. Organisation, surgical applications","volume":"18","author":"F Canovas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01630612","article-title":"Anatomic bases of ankle arthroscopy: study of superficial and deep peroneal nerves around anterolateral and anterocentral approach","volume":"20","author":"M Takao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19820101-07","article-title":"Reconstruction for chronic lateral instability of the ankle: a review of twenty-eight surgical patients","volume":"5","author":"G R Rechtin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601202","article-title":"Surgical revision after failed lateral ankle reconstruction","volume":"16","author":"G J Sammarco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.19600","article-title":"Postoperative imaging of the ankle","volume":"211","author":"M K Jesse","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321689","article-title":"Imaging of the postoperative ankle and foot","volume":"16","author":"J M Linklater","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473011420970463","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011420970463","article-title":"Arthrofibrosis of the ankle","volume":"5","author":"B T Velasco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.014","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in the subacromial bursa of frozen shoulder","volume":"22","author":"Y M Lho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31822a526a","article-title":"The functional consequence of syndesmotic joint malreduction at a minimum 2-year follow-up","volume":"26","author":"H C Sagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700801","article-title":"Syndesmosis fixation: a comparison of three and four cortices of screw fixation without hardware removal","volume":"27","author":"J A Moore Jr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0616","article-title":"Limitations of standard fluoroscopy in detecting rotational malreduction of the syndesmosis in an ankle fracture model","volume":"32","author":"M Marmor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078901000104","article-title":"Effect of the syndesmotic screw on ankle motion","volume":"10","author":"R L Needleman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0042-1760245.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T23:37:12Z","timestamp":1676504232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0042-1760245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-1760245","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-7860","1098-898X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-7860","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-898X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}