{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:34:03Z","timestamp":1785810843952,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultraschall in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Objective\u2002To assess the inter- and intraobserver reliability of ultrasound of major salivary glands in patients clinically suspected of having primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) as well as to assess sources of\u00a0variation in outcomes of ultrasonographic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n Methods\u200280 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected pSS underwent ultrasound evaluation. The following ultrasound variables of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands were assessed: echogenicity, parenchymal homogeneity, presence of hypoechogenic areas, hyperechogenic reflections and clearness of posterior glandular border, according to the scoring system of Hocevar et al. (total score range: 0\u200a\u2013\u200a48). Images were scored independently by three blinded observers in two sessions.<\/jats:p>\n Results\u2002The intraobserver reliability of the total ultrasound score was excellent, with an intraclass correlation (ICC) ranging from 0.89 to 0.96. The interobserver reliability was good to excellent, with ICCs of 0.84 and 0.76 for the total ultrasound score in the two sessions. The kappa value ranged from 0.60 to 0.83 depending on the applied cut-offs (cut-off score \u2265\u200a15 and \u2265\u200a17). Hypoechogenic areas and homogeneity of parotid glands showed the highest interobserver reliability. The median kappa for echogenicity was low. The total ultrasound scores varied more between observers in patients with higher ultrasonographic scores (approximately scores \u2265\u200a20).<\/jats:p>\n Conclusion\u2002Ultrasound of major salivary glands is a reliable imaging technique for patients with clinically suspected pSS.\u200aDiscrepancies between observers in assessing the severity of ultrasound findings may interfere with detecting \u2018true\u2019 changes over time. When monitoring the progression of pSS or treatment efficacy, it is advised that a particular patient be scored by the same ultrasonographer at every time point.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-104631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T23:02:03Z","timestamp":1508972523000},"page":"328-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ultrasound of the Major Salivary Glands is a Reliable Imaging Technique in Patients with Clinically Suspected Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Delli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Arends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolien","family":"van Nimwegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alja","family":"Stel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Spijkervet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrika","family":"Bootsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan","family":"Vissink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"container-title":["Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-104631.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T23:12:50Z","timestamp":1528413170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-104631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-104631","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4614","1438-8782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4614","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-8782","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]}}}