{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:49:53Z","timestamp":1740167393193,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Chronic injuries to the scapholunate ligament (SLIL) alter carpal kinematics and may progress to early degenerative osteoarthritis. To date, there is no consensus for the best method for SLIL reconstruction. This study aims to assess the use of growth factors (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]2 and growth and differentiation factor 5 [GDF5]) for compartmentalized regeneration of bone and ligament in this multiphasic scaffold in a rabbit knee model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Case Description\u2003A total of 100 \u00b5g of BMP2 and 30 \u00b5g of GDF5 were encapsulated into a heparinized gelatin\u2013hyaluronic acid hydrogel and loaded into the appropriate compartment of the multiphasic scaffold. The multiphasic scaffold was implanted to replace the native rabbit medial collateral ligament (n\u2009=\u200916). The rabbits were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups. The first group was immobilized postoperatively with the knee pinned in flexion with K-wires for 4 weeks (n\u2009=\u20098) prior to sacrifice. The second group was immobilized for 4 weeks, had the K-wires removed followed by a further 4 weeks of mobilization prior to sample harvesting.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Literature Review\u2003Heterotopic ossification as early as 4 weeks was noted on gross dissection and confirmed by microcomputed tomography and histological staining. This analysis revealed formation of a bony bridge located within and over the ligament compartment in the intra-articular region. Biomechanical testing showed increased ultimate force of the ligament compartment at 4 weeks postimplantation consistent with the presence of bone formation and higher numbers of scaffold failures at the bone\u2013tendon junction. This study has demonstrated that the addition of BMP2 and GDF5 in the bone\u2013ligament\u2013bone (BLB) scaffold resulted in heterotopic bone formation and failure of the ligament compartment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Clinical Relevance\u2003The implantation of a three-dimensional-printed BLB scaffold alone demonstrated superior biomechanical and histological results, and further investigation is needed as a possible clinical reconstruction for the SLIL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1761608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:07:36Z","timestamp":1677629256000},"page":"418-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BMP2 and GDF5 for Compartmentalized Regeneration of the Scapholunate Ligament"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2886-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayman","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cedryck","family":"Vaquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7640-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet M.","family":"Denbeigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Bindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-9057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre J.","family":"van Wijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-0946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Kakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 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