{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T21:30:51Z","timestamp":1785015051111,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Spinal-cord stimulation (SCS) for relief of chronic neuropathic pain is well established.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The inherent limitations with conventional percutaneous lead SCS are lead migration, positional variations in stimulation, as well as possible nonreplication of benefits after permanent SCS implantation, which were experienced during a positive trial period. To circumvent these limitations, we analyzed five consecutive cases of chronic intractable neuropathic pain who underwent direct SCS paddle lead placement during the trial period for pain relief. In addition, during the process of placing a permanent paddle lead, the impediment created by prior epidural scarring in such chronic patients can be obviated mechanically thereby increasing the efficacy of the procedure.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Material and Methods\u2003The demographic details, diagnosis, preoperative visual analogue scale score (VAS), and follow-up VAS were recorded. Surgical procedure consisted of a standard dorsal laminotomy followed by placement of permanent paddle leads.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003All patients reported significant improvement in their VAS scores. Mean duration of follow-up was 23.6 months (9\u201335 months). Mean preoperative VAS was 9.4 and 1.4 at the last follow-up. No major complications were found.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003With careful patient selection and appropriate surgical strategy, it was possible to implant permanent paddle leads during SCS trial itself in our five patients thereby replicating and sustaining the trial period pain relief. We argue that this can be a new cost-effective and reliable technique for the placement of SCS leads achieving excellent and sustained pain relief.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T23:15:07Z","timestamp":1680304507000},"page":"150-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Paddle-Lead Spinal-Cord Stimulation Surgeries for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Single Surgeon Case-Series Outcome Analysis in Indian Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-9666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyakam","family":"Baruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban D.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medanta Institute of Neurosciences, Gurgaon, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12024","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type I: a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up","volume":"16","author":"J W Geurts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.07.028","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"132","author":"K Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325731.46702.D9","article-title":"The effects of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain are sustained: a 24-month follow-up of the prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"63","author":"K Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000144839.65524.E0","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"R B North","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"254","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review","volume":"100","author":"T Cameron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12312","article-title":"Treatment-limiting complications of percutaneous spinal cord stimulator implants: a review of eight years of experience from an academic centre database","volume":"18","author":"S M Hayek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N11p998","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"38","author":"Y Jeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2012.25.3.143","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in pain management: a review","volume":"25","author":"Y H Jeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J 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North","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000180030.00167.b9","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation electrode design: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing percutaneous with laminectomy electrodes: part II-clinical outcomes","volume":"57","author":"R B North","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196707000-00025","article-title":"Electrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns: preliminary clinical report","volume":"46","author":"C N Shealy","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.1997.2.1.6","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation with percutaneous and plate electrodes: side effects and quantitative comparisons","volume":"2","author":"R B North","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc055504","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy\u2013five-year follow-up","volume":"354","author":"M A Kemler","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2018.1552755","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type I with spinal myoclonus - a case report and review of literature","volume":"1\u20133","author":"R Bose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/45","article-title":"Alternative approach to needle placement in spinal cord stimulator trial\/implantation","volume":"14","author":"J Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1094-7159.2004.04207.x","article-title":"Technical performance of percutaneous and laminectomy leads analyzed by modeling","volume":"7","author":"L Manola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2005.00027.x","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation vs. conventional medical management: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS Study)","volume":"8","author":"K Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12065","article-title":"Outcomes of percutaneous and paddle lead implantation for spinal cord stimulation: a comparative analysis of complications, reoperation rates, and health-care costs","volume":"16","author":"R Babu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.2.SPINE0865","article-title":"Financial impact of spinal cord stimulation on the healthcare budget: a comparative analysis of costs in Canada and the United States","volume":"10","author":"K Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.01.014","article-title":"Quality of life, resource consumption and costs of spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management in neuropathic pain patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS trial)","volume":"12","author":"A Manca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255522.42579.EA","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis based on a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"R B North","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.02.004","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of the clinical and cost-effectiveness literature and assessment of prognostic factors","volume":"10","author":"R S Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12084","article-title":"Surgical paddle-lead placement for screening trials of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"17","author":"P A Pahapill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1764121.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:49:06Z","timestamp":1681260546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1764121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1764121","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-5482","2248-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-5482","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}