{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:29:24Z","timestamp":1780097364303,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Hear"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical assessment of middle ear function has undergone multiple transformations and developments since the first acoustic impedance measurements were made in human ears nearly a century ago. The decades following the development of the first acoustic impedance bridge by Metz in 1946 witnessed a series of technological advancements leading to the widespread use of single-frequency admittance tympanometry in the 1960s. In the 1970s, multi-frequency and multi-component tympanometry (MFT) emerged for clinical use, allowing for a better understanding of the middle ear acoustic-mechanical response at frequencies between 200 and 2,000\u2009Hz. MFT has not gained widespread clinical adoption despite its advantages over single-frequency tympanometry. More recent technological developments enabled assessment for frequencies greater than 2,000\u2009Hz, leading to the advent of wideband acoustic immittance measures with capabilities for comprehensive assessment of middle ear acoustic mechanics, and a great potential for use of acoustic immittance testing in various diagnostic practices. This article reviews important historical markers in the development and operation of middle ear assessment tools and analysis methods. Technical and clinical factors underlying the emergence and adoption of different acoustic immittance tests as a standard of clinical practice are described. In addition, we discuss the likelihood for widespread adoption of wideband acoustic immittance and wideband tympanometry in future clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T23:57:03Z","timestamp":1678838223000},"page":"005-016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Rise and Fall of Aural Acoustic Immittance Assessment Tools"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Navid","family":"Shahnaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammam","family":"AlMakadma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris A.","family":"Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1960.00740010347009","article-title":"An electroacoustic impedance measuring bridge for clinical use","volume":"72","author":"K Terkildsen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510005550X","article-title":"The influence of pressure variations on the impedance of the human ear drum. 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