{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:33:28Z","timestamp":1782444808012,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003We estimated the association between diabetes and shoulder dystocia by infant birth weight subgroups (&lt;4,000, 4,000\u20134,500, and &gt;4,500\u2009g) in an era of prophylactic cesarean delivery for suspected macrosomia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003A secondary analysis from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development U.S. Consortium for Safe Labor of deliveries at \u226524 weeks with a nonanomalous, singleton fetus with vertex presentation undergoing a trial of labor. The exposure was either pregestational or gestational diabetes compared with no diabetes. The primary outcome was shoulder dystocia and secondarily, birth trauma with a shoulder dystocia. We calculated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with modified Poison's regression between diabetes and shoulder dystocia and the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent a shoulder dystocia with cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Among 167,589 assessed deliveries (6% with diabetes), pregnant individuals with diabetes had a higher risk of shoulder dystocia at birth weight &lt;4,000\u2009g (aRR: 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66\u20132.31) and 4,000 to 4,500\u2009g (aRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24\u20131.99), albeit not significantly at birth weight &gt;4,500\u2009g (aRR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.87\u20131.82) versus those without diabetes. The risk of birth trauma with shoulder dystocia was higher with diabetes (aRR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.54\u20133.45). The NNT to prevent a shoulder dystocia with diabetes was 11 and 6 at \u22654,000 and &gt;4,500\u2009g, versus without diabetes, 17 and 8 at \u22654,000 and &gt;4,500\u2009g, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Diabetes increased the risk of shoulder dystocia, even at lower birth weight thresholds than at which cesarean delivery is currently offered. Guidelines providing the option of cesarean delivery for suspected macrosomia may have decreased the risk of shoulder dystocia at higher birth weights.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:07:30Z","timestamp":1677542850000},"page":"929-936","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between Diabetes in Pregnancy and Shoulder Dystocia by Infant Birth Weight in an Era of Cesarean Delivery for Suspected Macrosomia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather A.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney D.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Klebanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Thung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged M.","family":"Costantine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Landon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartik K.","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1553-5","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations, United States, 1993-2009","volume":"19","author":"A Correa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14236","article-title":"Gestational diabetes in the United States: temporal changes in prevalence rates 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