{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T08:19:59Z","timestamp":1763367599673,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankle impingement syndromes are a well-recognized cause of chronic ankle symptoms in both the elite athletic and general population. They comprise several distinct clinical entities with associated radiologic findings. Originally described in the 1950s, advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography have allowed musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists to further their understanding of these syndromes and the range of imaging-associated features. Many subtypes of ankle impingement syndromes have been described, and precise terminology is critical to carefully separate these conditions and thus guide treatment options. These are divided broadly into intra-articular and extra-articular types, as well as location around the ankle. Although MSK radiologists should be aware of these conditions, the diagnosis remains largely clinical, with plain film or MRI used to confirm the diagnosis or assess a surgical\/treatment target. The ankle impingement syndromes are a heterogeneous group of conditions, and care must be taken not to overcall findings. The clinical context remains paramount. Treatment considerations are patient symptoms, examination, and imaging findings, in addition to the patient's desired level of physical activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T22:58:51Z","timestamp":1685055531000},"page":"256-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Update on Ankle and Foot Impingement"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4842-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"TM","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Rowbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Radiology Department, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Radiology Department, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980096","article-title":"Outcomes after arthroscopic surgery for anterior impingement in the ankle joint in the general and athletic populations: does sex play a role?","volume":"49","author":"A L Gianakos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.004","article-title":"MR imaging of impingement and entrapment syndromes of the foot and ankle","volume":"25","author":"E Sellon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.32B1.68","article-title":"Footballer's ankle","volume":"32-B","author":"T P McMurray","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.226025034","article-title":"Soft-tissue and osseous impingement syndromes of the ankle: role of imaging in diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"P Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500205","article-title":"The anterior ankle impingement syndrome: diagnostic value of oblique radiographs","volume":"25","author":"J L Tol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-007-9001-4","article-title":"Anterior impingement syndrome in dancers","volume":"1","author":"J W O'Kane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0675-1","article-title":"Impingement syndromes of the ankle","volume":"17","author":"P Robinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"CAM-type impingement in the ankle","volume":"32","author":"N Amendola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300303","article-title":"Anterior tibiotalar spurs: a comparison of open versus arthroscopic debridement","volume":"13","author":"P E Scranton Jr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500603","article-title":"A prospective study of prognostic factors concerning the outcome of arthroscopic surgery for anterior ankle impingement","volume":"25","author":"C N van Dijk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80097-0","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of anterolateral ankle impingement","volume":"10","author":"S H Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B3.12873","article-title":"Synovial impingement in the ankle. A new physical sign","volume":"85","author":"S Molloy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.06.005","article-title":"Imaging manifestations of ankle impingement syndromes","volume":"56","author":"G M LiMarzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","first-page":"193","article-title":"Internal derangement of the talofibular component of the ankle","volume":"91","author":"I Wolin","year":"1950","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0430-x","article-title":"Ankle impingement","volume":"11","author":"K P Lavery","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2077-4","article-title":"\u201cWeb impingement\u201d of the ankle: a case report","volume":"21","author":"K P Valkering","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2211001666","article-title":"Anterolateral ankle impingement: MR arthrographic assessment of the anterolateral recess","volume":"221","author":"P Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072010-00009","article-title":"Talar impingement by the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. A cause of chronic pain in the ankle after inversion sprain","volume":"72","author":"F H Bassett III","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5123-z","article-title":"The anterior tibiofibular ligament has a constant distal fascicle that contacts the anterolateral part of the talus","volume":"28","author":"M Dalmau-Pastor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-007-0411-6","article-title":"Anterolateral ankle impingement: findings and diagnostic accuracy with ultrasound imaging","volume":"37","author":"C L McCarthy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3650","article-title":"Anterolateral ankle impingement: diagnostic performance of MDCT arthrography and sonography","volume":"194","author":"H Cochet","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.11.005","article-title":"Ankle impingement syndromes","volume":"51","author":"S Dimmick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2020.07.002","article-title":"Anterior and posterior ankle impingement syndromes: arthroscopic and endoscopic anatomy and approaches to treatment","volume":"26","author":"C Nery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.06.003","article-title":"The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of anterolateral impingement of the ankle","volume":"45","author":"D Duncan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.003","article-title":"Medial-sided ankle pain: deltoid ligament and beyond","volume":"25","author":"J Crim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500603","article-title":"Etiology of the anterior ankle impingement syndrome: a descriptive anatomical study","volume":"25","author":"J L Tol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W334-8","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2427","article-title":"Anterior ankle impingement and talar bony outgrowths: osteophyte or enthesophyte? Paleopathologic and cadaveric study with imaging correlation","volume":"193","author":"M R Hayeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1053\/ar.1999.v15.015020","article-title":"Tram track lesion of the talar dome","volume":"15","author":"S-H Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000812","article-title":"Divot sign: a new observation in anterior impingement of the ankle","volume":"20","author":"S M Raikin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otsm.2009.11.003","article-title":"Medial ankle impingement syndrome in female gymnasts","volume":"18","author":"M A Vann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oper Tech Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B4.13871","article-title":"Open treatment of anterior impingement of the ankle","volume":"85","author":"R Coull","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref32","first-page":"238","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of ankle instability combined with anteromedial impingement syndrome","volume":"35","author":"C Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo Gu Shang"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2014.08.006","article-title":"The management of posterior ankle impingement syndrome in sport: a review","volume":"21","author":"W J Ribbans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W53-8","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0614","article-title":"Posterior ankle impingement in professional soccer players: effectiveness of sonographically guided therapy","volume":"187","author":"P Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.163.2.8037009","article-title":"International Skeletal Society Lecture in honor of Howard D. Dorfman. Clinically significant radiologic anatomic variants of the skeleton","volume":"163","author":"J P Lawson","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.170040","article-title":"Talar process fractures: an overview and update of the literature","volume":"3","author":"H Majeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.2.r00ma01497","article-title":"Posterior ankle impingement syndrome: MR imaging findings in seven patients","volume":"215","author":"N J Bureau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.08.001","article-title":"Ankle impingement syndromes","volume":"46","author":"M A Hopper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1100-x","article-title":"Anatomy of the ankle ligaments: a pictorial essay","volume":"18","author":"P Golan\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"918","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/60447506","article-title":"Pictorial review: MRI features of foot and ankle injuries in ballet dancers","volume":"77","author":"J C Hillier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.162.1.8273647","article-title":"Fluid in normal and abnormal ankle joints: amount and distribution as seen on MR images","volume":"162","author":"M E Schweitzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.5.1761145","article-title":"MR imaging findings of entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus tendon","volume":"176","author":"L D Lo","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12678\/1089-313X.22.1.19","article-title":"Results of treatment of posterior ankle impingement syndrome and flexor hallucis longus tendinopathy in dancers: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"A BMB Rietveld","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dance Med Sci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2016.03.008","article-title":"Posterior ankle impingement syndrome in football players: case series of 26 elite athletes","volume":"50","author":"S Kuda\u015f","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-005-0049-1","article-title":"Subacute posteromedial impingement of the ankle in athletes: MR imaging evaluation and ultrasound guided therapy","volume":"35","author":"C Messiou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0215","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00215","article-title":"Ankle impingement","volume":"8","author":"D S Carreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160735","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160735","article-title":"Ankle impingement syndromes: an imaging review","volume":"90","author":"Z Berman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12645","article-title":"Imaging of adult flatfoot: correlation of radiographic measurements with MRI","volume":"204","author":"Y-C Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715586025","article-title":"Talofibular bony impingement in the ankle","volume":"36","author":"J-Y Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accessory anterolateral talar facet as an etiology of painful talocalcaneal impingement in the rigid flatfoot: a new diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"J E Martus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_288_19","article-title":"Role of the weight-bearing cone-beam CT in evaluation of flatfoot deformity","volume":"29","author":"K Pilania","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.4199","article-title":"MRI of ankle and lateral hindfoot impingement syndromes","volume":"195","author":"A Donovan","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221099010","article-title":"Radiographic cutoff values for predicting lateral bony impingement in progressive collapsing foot deformity","volume":"43","author":"J Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03936-z","article-title":"The painful lateral column of the foot: from back to front","volume":"51","author":"J Crim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.1127","article-title":"Subtalar joint arthroereisis in the management of pediatric flexible flatfoot: a critical review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"S A Metcalfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1764387.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:06:48Z","timestamp":1686096408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1764387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1764387","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-7860","1098-898X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1089-7860"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-898X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]}}}