{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:04:29Z","timestamp":1789675469058,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung diseases caused by workplace exposure are too often mis- or underdiagnosed due in part to nonexistent or inadequate health surveillance programs for workers. Many of these diseases are indistinguishable from those that occur in the general population and are not recognized as being caused at least in part by occupational exposures. More than 10% of all lung diseases are estimated to result from workplace exposures. This study reviews recent estimates of the burden of the most important occupational lung diseases using data published by United Nations specialized agencies as well as the Global Burden of Disease studies. We focus on occupational chronic respiratory disease of which chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma are the most significant. Among occupational cancers, lung cancer is the most common, and is associated with more than 10 important workplace carcinogens. Classic occupational interstitial lung diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, and coal workers' pneumoconiosis still comprise a substantial burden of disease in modern industrial societies, while other occupational causes of pulmonary fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation are frequently misclassified as idiopathic. Occupational respiratory infections gained prominence during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, eclipsing influenza and tuberculosis and other less common workplace infectious agents. The most significant risks are workplace exposures to particulate matter, gases, and fumes as well as occupational carcinogens and asthmagens. We present data on the burden of disease measured by deaths attributable to occupational respiratory disease as well as disability-adjusted years of life lost. Where available, prevalence and incidence data are also presented. These diseases are unique in that they are theoretically 100% preventable if appropriate exposure controls and workplace medical surveillance are implemented. This remains a continuing challenge globally and requires steadfast commitment on the part of government, industry, organized labor, and the medical profession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1766117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T23:01:35Z","timestamp":1681858895000},"page":"317-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Global Trends in Occupational Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard H.T.","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile S.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201804-261OC","article-title":"Progressive massive fibrosis resurgence identified in U.S. coal miners filing for black lung benefits, 1970-2016","volume":"15","author":"K S Almberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref3","author":"M F Jeebhay"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0717ST","article-title":"The occupational burden of nonmalignant respiratory diseases. An official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society statement","volume":"199","author":"P D Blanc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4001","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of disease attributable to 19 selected occupational risk factors for 183 countries, 2000-2016: a systematic analysis from the WHO\/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury","volume":"48","author":"F Pega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e069679","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069679","article-title":"Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"378","author":"S Safiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"T Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.042","article-title":"Prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years due to asthma and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019","volume":"161","author":"S Safiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106321","article-title":"Trends in global, regional and national incidence of pneumoconiosis caused by different aetiologies: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"77","author":"P Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30105-3","article-title":"Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"8","author":"J B Soriano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101669","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01669-2021","article-title":"Incidence and disease burden of coal workers' pneumoconiosis worldwide, 1990-2019: evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"58","author":"D Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0042CI","article-title":"Coal mine dust lung disease. New lessons from old exposure","volume":"187","author":"E L Petsonk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2020.08.015","article-title":"Occupational contributions to interstitial lung disease","volume":"41","author":"C Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021182","article-title":"COVID-19 as an occupational disease-temporal trends in the number and severity of claims in Germany","volume":"20","author":"A Nienhaus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23428","article-title":"Lost time: COVID-19 indemnity claim reporting and results in the Wisconsin workers' compensation system from March 12 to December 31, 2020","volume":"65","author":"K KS Modji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30424-6","article-title":"Occupational lung diseases: from old and novel exposures to effective preventive strategies","volume":"5","author":"P Cullinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100068","article-title":"Infectious disease risks associated with occupational exposure: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"J A Haagsma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1766117.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T04:57:53Z","timestamp":1683781073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1766117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1766117","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-3424","1098-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-3424","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-9048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]}}}