{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:55:23Z","timestamp":1791618923831,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet dressing with 50% magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution on decreasing eyelid swelling and bruising after blepharoplasty. Fifty-eight patients (23 male and 35 female) who underwent bilateral blepharoplasty were enrolled in our randomized clinical trial. One side of the periorbital area (upper and lower eyelids) per patient received a wet dressing with 50% MgSO4 solution randomly, and the other side was cooled with an ice pack from the first postoperative day for two consecutive days (30\u2009minutes per time and twice a day). The eyelid edema and ecchymosis were evaluated and classified using respective graded scales. Degrees of eyelid edema were similar after surgery in both groups (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and were significantly decreased with time. Compared with the cooled ones, less swelling was observed in the eyelids treated by MgSO4 wet compress on postoperative day 5 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Both the incidence and area of ecchymosis were lower in the MgSO4 group than those in the cooling group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 and p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). Moreover, the majority of patients (39\/58, 67.2%) indicated a preference for MgSO4 wet dressing over ice cooling. MgSO4 wet dressing can be conveniently applied to alleviate eyelid swelling and reduce recovery time after blepharoplasty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1767768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T23:18:28Z","timestamp":1680563908000},"page":"046-051","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Wet Dressing in Reducing Eyelid Swelling and Bruising after Blepharoplasty: A Randomized, Controlled, and Observer-Blinded Assessment Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000919","article-title":"The effect of eyelid cooling on pain, edema, erythema, and hematoma after upper blepharoplasty: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded evaluation study","volume":"135","author":"S MW Pool","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002086","article-title":"The efficacy of intense pulsed light therapy in postoperative recovery from eyelid surgery","volume":"137","author":"G Linkov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130220025","article-title":"Frostbite of the eyelids following inappropriate application of ice compresses","volume":"114","author":"L H Quist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200038040-00002","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: pharmacokinetic principles","volume":"38","author":"J F Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and gynecologists' task force on hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"122","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13082","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium sulfate in the management of severe pre-eclampsia: a randomized study of 12-hour versus 24-hour maintenance dose","volume":"149","author":"E A Unwaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","first-page":"957","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of different intraocular infusion solutions on histology and function of retina","volume":"39","author":"L Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chi J Exp Ophthal"},{"key":"ref8","author":"M A Hicks"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effect of magnesium sulfate wet-hot compress on prevention of phlebitis caused by clinical intravenous infusion","volume":"23","author":"Y Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med Prac"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i20.4719","article-title":"Observation of the effects of three methods for reducing perineal swelling in children with developmental hip dislocation","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-003-0272-y","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate treatment in experimental spinal cord injury: emphasis on vascular changes and early clinical results","volume":"26","author":"E Kaptanoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.1.0106","article-title":"Magnesium and experimental vasospasm","volume":"100","author":"R L Macdonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000095652.35806.c5","article-title":"Effect of steroids on edema, ecchymosis, and intraoperative bleeding in rhinoplasty","volume":"51","author":"E Kargi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00043","article-title":"Effects of single-dose steroid usage on edema, ecchymosis, and intraoperative bleeding in rhinoplasty","volume":"104","author":"C O Kara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02652.x","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of the effects of cryotherapy on pain, eyelid oedema and facial ecchymosis after craniotomy","volume":"18","author":"Y S Shin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-199808000-00002","article-title":"Pharmacological management of pain after intracranial surgery","volume":"30","author":"B Leith","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000225747.29778.3b","article-title":"Symmetry in healing after bilateral eyelid surgery","volume":"22","author":"M P Hatton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1767768.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:25:27Z","timestamp":1730805927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1767768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1767768","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}}}