{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:39:03Z","timestamp":1776861543182,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Radiol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background and Purpose\u2003The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a multisystemic disease and involvement of the nervous system is well established. The neurological and neuroimaging features of the disease have been extensively evaluated. Our study aimed to elucidate the neuroradiological findings in COVID-19 infected patients admitted to our institute during the first and second waves of the pandemic in India.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2003This was a single-center retrospective study of all COVID-19 positive patients who underwent neuroimaging between March 2020 and May 2021. The presenting neurological complaints, the imaging findings in computed tomography (CT) imaging, and\/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recorded. They recorded the findings in the subheadings of ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, parainfectious demyelination, acute encephalitis syndrome, and changes of global hypoxic changes. Patients with age-related, chronic, and incidental findings were excluded.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003The study comprised of 180 COVID-19 positive patients who underwent neuroimaging. CT scan was performed for 169 patients, MRI for 28, and a combination of both CT and MRI was performed for 17 patients. Seventy percent of patients were males, and median age was 61.5 years (interquartile range: 48.25\u201370.75). Out of the 180 patients, 66 patients had nonspecific findings that could not be attributed to COVID-19 infection. In the remaining 114 patients, 77 (42.7%) had ischemic findings, while 22 (12.2%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Hypoxic ischemic changes were noted in five patients. The rest of the patients had a spectrum of changes including, cerebellitis (3), tumefactive demyelination (1), COVID-19-associated encephalitis (1), hemorrhagic acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (1), transverse myelitis (1), cytotoxic lesions of corpus callosum (1), Guillain-Barre syndrome (1), and COVID-19-associated microhemorrhages (1).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection are not uncommon, and our understanding of this topic is expanding. A complex interplay of neurotropism and direct central nervous system invasion, immune activation and cytokine storm, vasculitis, and parainfectious processes are implicated in the pathophysiology. While the most common imaging finding was ischemic stroke, followed by hemorrhagic stroke, a diverse range of parainfectious findings was also noted in our study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1768060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T23:11:17Z","timestamp":1682723477000},"page":"351-360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuroimaging Spectrum in COVID-19 Infection: A Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1661-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarbesh","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawan Kumar","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samhita","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7975-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aanchal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adarsh","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Khera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Kumar","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taruna","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02152-5","article-title":"Neurological manifestations as the predictors of severity and mortality in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19: a multicenter prospective clinical study","volume":"21","author":"M Amanat","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09929-7","article-title":"Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to 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