{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:31:19Z","timestamp":1793658679421,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) have historically been associated with a poor prognosis, and patients often require a series of invasive procedures and hospitalizations that significantly reduce quality of life at the terminus of life. However, advances in the management of MPE have coincided with the era of immunotherapies, and to a lesser extent, antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of lung cancer. Landmark studies have shown these drugs to improve overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with lung cancer, but a paucity of phase III trial data exists for the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) on lung cancers associated with MPE. This review will focus on the leading studies investigating the impact of ICI and antiangiogenic therapies in patients with lung cancer and MPE. The diagnostic and prognostic values of vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin expression levels in malignancy will also be discussed. These advancements are changing the paradigm of MPE management from palliation to treatment for the first time since 1767 when MPE was first reported. The future holds the promise of durable response and extended survival in patients with MPE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1769092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T23:20:08Z","timestamp":1686612008000},"page":"447-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Malignant Pleural Effusions in the Era of Immunotherapy and Antiangiogenic Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Terrence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander D.","family":"Fuld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Feller-Kopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Essais anatomiques, contenant l'histoire exacte de toutes les parties qui composent le corps de l'homme, avec la mani\u00e8re de diss\u00e9quer, [Joseph Lieutaud]","author":"J Lieutaud","year":"1742"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17670-y","article-title":"A decade of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"C Robert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2021.5174","article-title":"Novel therapies for malignant pleural effusion: Anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy (review)","volume":"58","author":"D He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801005","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"378","author":"L Gandhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507643","article-title":"Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"373","author":"H Borghaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","first-page":"8019","article-title":"The role of VEGF in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (review)","volume":"17","author":"Y Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12496","article-title":"Clinical features and survival of lung cancer patients with pleural effusions","volume":"20","author":"J M Porcel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31811f4703","article-title":"The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: proposals for revision of the M descriptors in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer","volume":"2","author":"P E Postmus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"S329","article-title":"The past, current and future of diagnosis and management of pleural disease","volume":"7","author":"J Akulian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205285","article-title":"Predicting survival in malignant pleural effusion: development and validation of the LENT prognostic score","volume":"69","author":"A O Clive","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201607-1404OC","article-title":"Randomized trial of pleural fluid drainage frequency in patients with malignant pleural effusions. 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