{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:48:14Z","timestamp":1767772094821,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pleural diseases are now well recognized. Since the beginning of the pandemic, increasing cases of pleural diseases including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pleural effusion with severe COVID-19 infection have attracted the attention of physicians and are not incidental or due to barotrauma. The complicated course of COVID-19 illness highlights the complex pathophysiological underpinnings of pleural complications. The management of patients with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum is challenging as the majority require assisted ventilation; physicians therefore appear to have a low threshold to intervene. Conversely, pleural effusion cases, although sharing some similar patient characteristics with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, are in general managed more conservatively. The evidence suggests that patients with COVID-19-related pleural diseases, either due to air leak or effusion, have more severe disease with a worse prognosis. This implies that prompt recognition of these complications and targeted management are key to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1769616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T22:36:55Z","timestamp":1689028615000},"page":"437-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["COVID-19-Related Pleural Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Beenish","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Disease, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najib M.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Disease, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob J.","family":"Hallifax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Disease, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14299","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and recurrence of inpatient-treated spontaneous pneumothorax, 1968-2016","volume":"320","author":"R J Hallifax","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref2","first-page":"ii18","article-title":"Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"A MacDuff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6014967","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6014967","article-title":"Primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: prevalence, clinical features, and in-hospital mortality","volume":"2017","author":"T Onuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002697","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02697-2020","article-title":"COVID-19 and pneumothorax: a multicentre retrospective case series","volume":"56","author":"A W Martinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100929","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00929-2021","article-title":"COVID-19 pneumothorax in the UK: a prospective observational study using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol","volume":"58","author":"S J Marciniak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.118","article-title":"Three waves changes, new variant strains, and vaccination effect against COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"204","author":"R M El-Shabasy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2345","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"125","author":"A D Sihoe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106464","article-title":"Pneumothorax in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes in a case control multicenter study","volume":"184","author":"A Chopra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.013","article-title":"Frequency, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case-control, emergency medicine-based multicenter study","volume":"159","author":"\u00d2 Mir\u00f3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E252","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202352","article-title":"Increased incidence of barotrauma in patients with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation","volume":"297","author":"G McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01504-y","article-title":"Pneumothorax in COVID-19 disease- incidence and clinical characteristics","volume":"21","author":"M Zantah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","first-page":"PC01","article-title":"Assessment of potential risk factors, characteristics, and outcome of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"16","author":"T PMK Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCDR"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e615","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2021-0220","article-title":"Increased frequency of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients admitted in the ICU: a multicentre study from Mumbai, India","volume":"21","author":"Z F Udwadia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-817","article-title":"Pneumothorax\/pneumomediastinum and pre-existing lung pathology in ventilated COVID-19 patients: a cohort study","volume":"14","author":"G Kecskes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.01.020","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax: an emerging complication of COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"50","author":"E Ekanem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7488","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-1687","article-title":"Pneumothorax as the presenting manifestation of COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"S Ayazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","first-page":"W267-74","article-title":"Acute Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: temporal lung changes observed on the chest radiographs of 55 patients","volume":"205","author":"K M Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200028","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020200028","article-title":"Chest imaging appearance of COVID-19 infection","volume":"2","author":"W Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.07.024","article-title":"Does COVID-19 increase the risk for spontaneous pneumothorax?","volume":"360","author":"V C do Lago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-020-00401-0","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patients-a case series","volume":"52","author":"A SK Agrawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2020.0180","article-title":"Mediastinal emphysema, giant bulla, and pneumothorax developed during the course of COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"21","author":"R Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20175","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020175","article-title":"COVID-19 with cystic features on computed tomography: a case report","volume":"99","author":"K Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821001291","article-title":"Serious complications in COVID-19 ARDS cases: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and haemothorax","volume":"149","author":"B B Guven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Z Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0271964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271964","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of COVID-19 associated pneumothorax","volume":"17","author":"M Taha","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.12.047","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax in COVID-19: report of three cases","volume":"17","author":"D Pacheco-Montoya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","first-page":"e23294","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax as a late complication of mild COVID-19 infection: a case report","volume":"14","author":"J Love","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3642","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.02.008","article-title":"Predictors of pneumothorax\/pneumomediastinum in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients","volume":"35","author":"A Belletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-01096-1","article-title":"The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"12","author":"S Inui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5001","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175001","article-title":"Current advances in lung ultrasound in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"M P L\u00ea","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051173","article-title":"Management of the secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: current guidance, controversies, and recent advances","volume":"11","author":"G W Nava","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04971","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4971","article-title":"Case report of a spontaneous pneumothorax after the recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia: a delayed complication","volume":"9","author":"S Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2021.02.132","article-title":"Is spontaneous pneumomediastinum a poor prognostic factor in COVID-19?","volume":"31","author":"I E Ozsoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102522","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02522-2021","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: a phenotype of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis? The results of the United Kingdom (POETIC) survey","volume":"60","author":"J Melhorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.117296","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: time for consensus","volume":"5","author":"S Sahni","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref38","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum","volume":"7","author":"V K Kouritas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.04.067","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"M Caceres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"63","article-title":"Hamman's syndrome (spontaneous pneumomediastinum presenting as subcutaneous emphysema): a rare case of the emergency department and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"K Grapatsas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25891","article-title":"Analysis of 92 deceased patients with COVID-19","volume":"92","author":"F Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13412-5","article-title":"Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study","volume":"361","author":"J S Peiris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00096404","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"23","author":"C M Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/02184923211010089","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 disease: outcomes and relation to the Macklin effect","volume":"29","author":"J Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15113","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum following intubation in COVID-19 patients: a case series","volume":"75","author":"A Wali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19741-6","article-title":"Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission","volume":"11","author":"H Peckham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.08.013","article-title":"Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in non-intubated patients with COVID-19","volume":"67","author":"S Manna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1939.00190050019003","article-title":"Transport of air along sheaths of pulmonic blood vessels from alveoli to mediastinum","volume":"64","author":"C C Macklin","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194412000-00001","article-title":"Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs and mediastinum as an important occult complication in many respiratory diseases and other conditions: an interpretation of the clinical literature in the light of laboratory experiment","volume":"23","author":"M Macklin","year":"1944","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13077-2","article-title":"Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"361","author":"J S Peiris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-020-01806-0","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 disease","volume":"27","author":"J M L\u00f3pez Vega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1159\/000518367","article-title":"Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: merely a matter of lung frailty?","volume":"100","author":"K Somasundram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026882100011X","article-title":"Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in patients with COVID-19 disease; case series from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan","volume":"149","author":"S M Sethi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.6.1811525","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome: spectrum of high-resolution CT findings and temporal progression of the disease","volume":"181","author":"J Y Hui","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.01.042","article-title":"Current assessment and management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 24 adult patients","volume":"25","author":"G J Koullias","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.03.008","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: 41 cases","volume":"31","author":"I Macia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.277","article-title":"Comparative study of mediastinal emphysema as determined by etiology","volume":"41","author":"Y Kobashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60560-0","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 62 consecutive adult patients","volume":"84","author":"V N Iyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10121046","article-title":"Diagnostics in pleural disease","volume":"10","author":"A Sundaralingam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.02.015","article-title":"The incidence of pleural effusion in COVID-19 pneumonia: state-of-the-art review","volume":"50","author":"W H Chong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27301","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical outcomes of pleural effusion in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"S S Rathore","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0445OC","article-title":"COVID-19 with different severities: a multicenter study of clinical features","volume":"201","author":"Y Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14123","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14123","article-title":"Pleural effusion as an indicator for the poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients","volume":"75","author":"X S Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.09.008","article-title":"Characteristics of pleural effusion in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia","volume":"361","author":"W H Chong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00206","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00206-2022","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pleural infection incidence: a UK multicentre retrospective analysis","volume":"8","author":"E O Bedawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1769616.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T22:48:26Z","timestamp":1729723706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1769616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1769616","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-3424","1098-9048"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1069-3424"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-9048"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]}}}