{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:39:36Z","timestamp":1780058376512,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections with direct arteriovenous shunts, generally symptomatic in the adult life. However, a small number of bAVMs may manifest in pediatric patients, with higher bleeding risk and mortality rates when compared to adults. The purpose of this study is to review our experience with endovascular treatment of bAVMs in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003This is a retrospective analysis of all bAVMs in pediatric patients (0\u201318 years) who underwent diagnostic digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at our institution from January 2010 to June 2021.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Twenty-six patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 12 underwent endovascular treatment. Treated patients had a mean age of 10.25 years and 58% were females. Complete angiographic exclusion was achieved in five (42%) patients with endovascular treatment. Five patients with residual bAVM after embolization needed adjuvant therapy with surgery (n\u2009=\u20093) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; n\u2009=\u20092). Two patients are still undergoing embolization sessions. Procedure-related complications occurred in two patients (17%) and included small vessel perforation and an occipital ischemic stroke. Two patients showed bAVM recurrence on follow-up (17%) and subsequently underwent SRS (n\u2009=\u20091) or surgery (n\u2009=\u20091), both resulting in complete bAVM exclusion. All patients had a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0 to 2 on follow-up.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Our experience supports the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment of bAVM in selected pediatric patients. A multidisciplinary approach combining surgery and SRS is warranted to achieve higher complete bAVM obliteration rates. Long-term follow-up is important as these lesions may show recurrence over time, especially in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1770356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T23:00:46Z","timestamp":1690412446000},"page":"361-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Endovascular Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Pediatric Patients: A Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Borges de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Pamplona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Lopes da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amets","family":"Sagarribay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Fragata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar e 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