{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:05:47Z","timestamp":1782950747465,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Isolated distal ulna fractures are rare injuries and are commonly associated with distal radius fractures. Though most of them can be managed conservatively, few of them require open reduction due to the interposition of various structures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Case Description\u2003In this case report, we report two cases of irreducible isolated distal ulna fractures in adolescents due to the interposition of the extensor retinaculum with its underlying tendons requiring open reduction to achieve bony union and distal radioulnar joint stability. These distal ulna fractures can be best reduced by open reduction with hypersupination and maintaining the distal ulna shaft gothic arch with pins.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Literature Review\u2003There are very few case reports reported on isolated distal ulna fractures commonly seen in paediatric and adolescent patients leading to growth arrest. The interposition of various structures is a cause of irreducibility requiring open reduction. These fractures are equivalent to TFCC injuries in adults.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Clinical Relevance\u2003 Whenever there is a gross displacement or difficult reduction interposition is to be considered. Open reduction of the fracture and maintenance of DRUJ congruity is sufficient without being critical on articular reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1770790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T23:01:29Z","timestamp":1692313289000},"page":"446-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adolescent Distal Ulna Physeal Fracture with Extensor Retinaculum Interposition"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathya Vamsi","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Reconsturctive Microsurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Physeal injuries and growth disturbances","author":"E R Karl","year":"2015","edition":"8th ed."},{"issue":"07","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934221084171","article-title":"Isolated Salter-Harris type IV distal ulna fracture: a case report","volume":"47","author":"R Barbeiro Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197355060-00017","article-title":"Irreducible fracture of the distal end of the ulna. 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