{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:01:41Z","timestamp":1777604501791,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Russell Viper Venom (RVV) is widely used as a diagnostic test for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). But the history of how this venom came to be discovered is well known. Dr Patrick Russell is responsible for the identification of the venom during his work on snake bites in India while Dr Robert Macfarlane used it to staunch bleeding in persons with haemophilia. The ability to directly activate factor X led RVV to the laboratory diagnosis of APS. More recently, it has come back to clinical world with a potential for an engineered factor X activator from RVV to be used in the treatment of haemophilia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1771269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T22:50:47Z","timestamp":1690584647000},"page":"115-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Russell Viper Venom: A Journey from the Bedside to the Bench and Back to the Bedside"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7218-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jecko","family":"Thachil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90402-2","article-title":"The life and viper of Dr Patrick Russell MD FRS (1727-1805): physician and naturalist","volume":"32","author":"B J Hawgood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1258\/jmb.2011.011041","article-title":"Rosemary Biggs MD FRCP (1912-2001) and Katharine Dormandy MD FRCP (1926-78): from laboratory to treatment and care of people with haemophilia","volume":"21","author":"B J Hawgood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Biogr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/096777200100900101","article-title":"Alexander Russell (1715-1768) and Patrick Russell (1727-1805): physicians and natural historians of Aleppo","volume":"9","author":"B J Hawgood","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Biogr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2006.0009","article-title":"\u201cNeither of meate nor drinke, but what the Doctor alloweth\u201d: medicine amidst war and commerce in eighteenth-century Madras","volume":"80","author":"P Chakrabarti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull Hist Med"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1759","article-title":"The arsenic and mercury-containing Tanjore pills used in treating snake bites in the 18th century Madras Presidency","volume":"106","author":"R Raman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Historical account of tests of hemostasis","volume":"93","author":"C A Owen Jr","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01689.x","article-title":"Coagulation history, Oxford 1951-53","volume":"107","author":"S Douglas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1908.sp001297","article-title":"The coagulation of blood","volume":"38","author":"J Mellanby","year":"1908","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1893.sp000479","article-title":"On some effects upon the blood produced by the injection of the venom of the Australian Black Snake (Pseudechis Porphyriacus)","volume":"15","author":"C J Martin","year":"1893","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1909.sp001316","article-title":"The coagulation of blood: part II. The actions of snake venoms, peptone and leech extract","volume":"38","author":"J Mellanby","year":"1909","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.65.5.613","article-title":"The coagulation of blood by snake venoms and its physiologic significance","volume":"65","author":"H Eagle","year":"1937","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/202498a0","article-title":"An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier","volume":"202","author":"R G MacFarlane","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1126\/science.145.3638.1310","article-title":"Waterfall sequence for intrinsic blood clotting","volume":"145","author":"E W Davie","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1967.tb00754.x","article-title":"Russell's viper venom, 1934-64","volume":"13","author":"R G Macfarlane","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)43846-8","article-title":"The haemostatic possibilities of snake-venom","volume":"224","author":"R G Macfarlane","year":"1934","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1964.tb00696.x","article-title":"The activation and consumption of factor X in recalcified plasma. The effect of added factor VIII and Russell's Viper Venom","volume":"10","author":"R G MacFarlane","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"7","article-title":"Participation of a fat soluble substance in coagulation of the blood","volume":"99","author":"R G Macfarlane","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"61","article-title":"Proceedings of the Association of Clinical Biochemists","volume":"3","author":"R G Macfarlane","year":"1964"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"83","article-title":"The prothrombin in hemophilia and in obstructive jaundice","volume":"109","author":"A J Quick","year":"1935","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1961.tb00358.x","article-title":"The coagulant action of Russell's viper venom; the use of antivenom in defining its reaction with a serum factor","volume":"7","author":"R G MacFarlane","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0840062","article-title":"The isolation and purification of a bovine-plasma protein which is a substrate for the coagulant fraction of Russell's-viper venom","volume":"84","author":"M P Esnouf","year":"1962","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb29748.x","article-title":"Mechanism of action of the lupus anticoagulant","volume":"370","author":"S S Shapiro","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V48.4.499.499","article-title":"A clinical study of the lupus anticoagulant","volume":"48","author":"M A Schleider","year":"1976","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref27","first-page":"946","article-title":"The laboratory heterogeneity of lupus anticoagulants","volume":"109","author":"D A Triplett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V68.4.869.869","article-title":"The use of the dilute Russell viper venom time for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants","volume":"68","author":"P Thiagarajan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15047","article-title":"Guidance from the Scientific and Standardization Committee for lupus anticoagulant\/antiphospholipid antibodies of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis: update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection and interpretation","volume":"18","author":"K MJ Devreese","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.01.040","article-title":"Preclinical studies of a factor X activator and a phase 1 trial for hemophilia patients with inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"W Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1771269.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T10:54:29Z","timestamp":1730804069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1771269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1771269","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-6176","1098-9064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-6176","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-9064","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]}}}