{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T03:29:37Z","timestamp":1769743777926,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Nucl Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Our objective was to study the radiation exposure rate as function of time in the administration of radioiodine iodine-131 (I-131) for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis or Graves' disease and remnant ablation on an outpatient basis at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, and also, to study the impact of revised discharge criteria for radioiodine therapy enforced by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) of India.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003This study included patients who underwent low-dose radioiodine therapy using I-131. Patients were classified into two different groups, that is, group A and group B. Group A included patients receiving low dose I-131 for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, whereas group B included patients receiving I-131 therapy for the ablation of residual thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy. The radiation exposure rate was measured using a radiation detector in milli roentgen per hour (mR\/h) at 5\u2009cm distance of stomach and neck levels and with the patient standing at the distance of 1 m after oral administration of I-131 at 0, 1, and 2\u2009hours.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 134 (17 males and 117 females) patients were included in the study. Group A comprised 102 (14 male and 88 females) patients and group B of 32 (3 males and 29 females) patients. At the neck level, the average exposure rate in group A versus group B after 0, 1, and 2\u2009hours was observed to be 6.9 versus 22.27 mR\/h, 33.67 versus 43.39 mR\/h, and 41.75 versus 48.90 mR\/h, respectively. At the stomach level, the exposure rate was 23.65 versus 71.32 mR\/h, 13.27 versus 48.45 mR\/h, and 9.91 versus 39.43 mR\/h after 0, 1, and 2\u2009hours, respectively. At a distance of 1 m, the exposure rate was 1.31 versus 2.99 mR\/h, 1.05 versus 2.58 mR\/h, and 0.92 versus 2.21 mR\/h, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Exposure rate measured for patients treated with up to 1,110 MBq (30 mCi) of I-131 was under permissible limits as per revised discharged limits, that is, 50 \u00b5Sv\/h (5 mR\/h) prescribed by AERB, India. The patients undergoing radioiodine therapy I-131 (up to 1,110 MBq\/30 mCi) can be discharged safely 2\u2009hours postadministration following good work practice along with providing proper radiation safety instructions to patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1771285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T22:57:17Z","timestamp":1694041037000},"page":"203-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Radiation Safety and External Radiation Exposure Rate of Patients Receiving I-131 Therapy for Hyperthyroidism and Remnant Ablation as Outpatient: An Institutional Experience"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisha","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University (SRHU), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vandana K.","family":"Dhingra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pulkit","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University (SRHU), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University (SRHU) Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Radioiodine I-131 for the therapy of graves' disease","volume":"16","author":"M Mumtaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fixed dose radioactive iodine therapy in hyperthyroidism: outcome and factors affecting it in a region in South India","volume":"5","author":"A S Shinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thyroid Science."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10991","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111010991","article-title":"The study of external dose rate and retained body activity of patients receiving 131I therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1400131","article-title":"Therapeutic radionuclides in nuclear medicine: current and future prospects","volume":"15","author":"C H Yeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731834","article-title":"Radiation dose rates from patients receiving iodine-131 therapy for carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"23","author":"S F Barrington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"122","article-title":"Radiation safety in nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy","volume":"22","author":"P Tanton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.72686","article-title":"Estimation of effective half life of clearance of radioactive iodine (I) in patients treated for hyperthyroidism and carcinoma thyroid","volume":"25","author":"R Ravichandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","first-page":"648","article-title":"Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal","volume":"47","author":"H H\u00e4nscheid","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0403","article-title":"Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I : practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association","volume":"21","author":"J C Sisson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1771285.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T22:33:40Z","timestamp":1697582020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1771285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1771285","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1450-1147","1607-3312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1450-1147","type":"print"},{"value":"1607-3312","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}}}