{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:09:31Z","timestamp":1779250171717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R21HD093021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD093021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in most forms of neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) such as in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current patient-reported outcome measures with validated questionnaires used in the general population of children without NDDS cannot be used in the autistic individuals. We explore here the multifactorial pathophysiology of ASD and the role of genetics and the environment in this disease spectrum and focus instead on possible diagnostics that could provide future objective insight into the connection of the gut-brain-microbiome in this disease entity. We provide our own data from both humans and a zebrafish model of ASD called Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. We hope that this review highlights the gaps in our current knowledge on many of these profound NDDs and that it provides a future framework upon which clinicians and researchers can build and network with other interested multidisciplinary specialties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1771460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T22:59:56Z","timestamp":1692226796000},"page":"645-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Genetically Defined Neurodevelopmental Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calliope","family":"Holingue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Jimenez-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Center, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Child Neurology, Florida Atlantic University Stiles - Nicholson Brain Institute, Jupiter, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Dallman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baharak","family":"Moshiree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health, Wake Forest Medical University, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","author":"S M Myers","year":"2018","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th ed."},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171400172X","article-title":"The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"45","author":"A J Baxter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696","article-title":"Global prevalence of autism: a systematic review update","volume":"15","author":"J 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