{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:40:01Z","timestamp":1779154801567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"S 01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003This study aimed to examine gestational age at delivery according to Ureaplasma\/Mycoplasma cervical culture results and whether pregnant individuals received antibiotics.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003A retrospective cohort study at a single academic institution where all pregnant individuals with risk factors for preterm birth including those with a history of preterm birth, recurrent pregnancy loss, or pregnancy requiring cervical cerclage were included. We plotted Kaplan\u2013Meier curves to investigate the association between the gestational age at delivery and Ureaplasma culture results (negative; positive and treated; or positive but did not receive the treatment). A Cox proportional regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for confounders. The main outcome was age at delivery. Analyses were repeated for Mycoplasma culture.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Of 607 individuals, 258 (42.5%) had a negative Ureaplasma culture, 308 (50.7%) had a positive Ureaplasma culture and received treatment, and 41 (6.8%) had a positive Ureaplasma culture and did not receive treatment. Compared with those who had a positive Ureaplasma culture but did not receive treatment, those who had a negative Ureaplasma culture did not have a decreased risk (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.74\u20131.44). Compared with those who had a positive Ureaplasma culture but did not receive treatment, those who had a positive Ureaplasma culture and received treatment did not have a decreased risk (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.66\u20131.27). The treatment failure rate of Ureaplasma after treatment was 78.6% (95% CI: 72.8\u201383.7%). Overall, the findings of Mycoplasma were similar.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Routine ureaplasma\/mycoplasma cervical culture is not recommended for pregnant individuals who are at high risk for preterm birth.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1771504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T22:34:50Z","timestamp":1690670090000},"page":"e2521-e2528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Screening for Pregnant Individuals Who Are at High Risk for Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Kawakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerri","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"DeYoung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Nehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madison C.","family":"Collazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Barake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica A.","family":"Ethirajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille M.","family":"Kanaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Abuhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"39","key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are preterm births on the decline in the United States? Recent data from the National Vital Statistics System","author":"J A Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12048","article-title":"Addressing the challenge of neonatal mortality","volume":"18","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2307\/1602505","article-title":"The problem of low birth weight","volume":"5","author":"N S Paneth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.09.016","article-title":"Second-trimester loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes: what is the real risk?","volume":"197","author":"A G Edlow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1736986","article-title":"Ureaplasma species and preterm birth: current perspectives","volume":"46","author":"K E Sprong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106556","article-title":"The preterm prediction study: association of second-trimester genitourinary chlamydia infection with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"183","author":"W W Andrews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91360-2","article-title":"The preterm prediction study: significance of vaginal infections","volume":"173","author":"P J Meis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16774","article-title":"Trichomoniasis and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"O T Van Gerwen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv587","article-title":"Placental infection with ureaplasma species is associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and adverse outcomes in moderately preterm and late-preterm infants","volume":"213","author":"E L Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"532","article-title":"Is genital colonization with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum associated with prematurity\/low birth weight?","volume":"73","author":"R Romero","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860498","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.860498","article-title":"Prevalence and load of cervical ureaplasma species with respect to intra-amniotic complications in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes before 34 weeks","volume":"13","author":"M Kacerovsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.01.237","article-title":"Vaginal Ureaplasma parvum serovars and spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"220","author":"J Rittenschober-B\u00f6hm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1110-x","article-title":"Ureaplasma parvum genotype, combined vaginal colonisation with Candida albicans, and spontaneous preterm birth in an Australian cohort of pregnant women","volume":"16","author":"M S Payne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0190-3","article-title":"Preterm birth due to maternal infection: causative pathogens and modes of prevention","volume":"25","author":"M V Pararas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90506-M","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of erythromycin for the treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum to prevent premature delivery","volume":"164","author":"D A Eschenbach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref16","first-page":"CD003767","article-title":"Antibiotics for Ureaplasma in the vagina in pregnancy","volume":"2011","author":"C H Raynes Greenow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.017","article-title":"Evidence that antibiotic administration is effective in the treatment of a subset of patients with intra-amniotic infection\/inflammation presenting with cervical insufficiency","volume":"221","author":"K J Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","first-page":"12","article-title":"Efficacy of azithromycin in reducing lower genital Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization in women at risk for preterm delivery","volume":"8","author":"K K Ogasawara","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004479","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: ACOG practice bulletin, number 234","volume":"138","author":"Prediction and Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003700","article-title":"Prelabor rupture of membranes: ACOG practice bulletin, number 217","volume":"135","author":"Prelabor Rupture of Membranes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023","article-title":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"99","author":"Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000443276.68274.cc","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin no.142: cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency","volume":"123","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002046","article-title":"Committee opinion no 700: methods for estimating the due date","volume":"129","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.018","article-title":"Antibiotic administration can eradicate intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation in a subset of patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"221","author":"B H Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6026","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00895-15","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility and sequence type distribution of Ureaplasma species isolated from genital samples in Switzerland","volume":"59","author":"S C Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.014","article-title":"Use of microbial cultures and antibiotics in the prevention of infection-associated preterm birth","volume":"190","author":"L L Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14052","article-title":"Current understanding and treatment of intra-amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp","volume":"45","author":"O AG Tantengco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602044","article-title":"Adjunctive azithromycin prophylaxis for cesarean delivery","volume":"375","author":"A T Tita","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13601","article-title":"Impact of maternal intrapartum antibiotics, method of birth and breastfeeding on gut microbiota during the first year of life: a prospective cohort study","volume":"123","author":"M B Azad","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00797","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00797-20","article-title":"Intra-amniotic infection with Ureaplasma parvum causes preterm birth and neonatal mortality that are prevented by treatment with clarithromycin","volume":"11","author":"K Motomura","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1771504.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T13:40:08Z","timestamp":1730814008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1771504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S 01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1771504","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]}}}