{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T11:54:32Z","timestamp":1771674872459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003The association between oral lichen planus and thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, has been discussed in current literature with conflicting outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003The study retrospectively evaluated the thyroid status in patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions. A case\u2013control approach was used to prove that thyroid disorders were statistically significant risk factors for oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Statistical Analysis\u2003To evaluate these associations, odds ratios (ORs) were used. ORs precision and statistical significance were estimated using a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 307 patients were involved in the study: 158 females and 149 males. OR, 95% CIs, and p-values were analyzed. Patients with thyroid diseases showed an increased risk of developing oral lichen planus (OR: 4.29, 95% CI: 1.85\u20139.96, p-value: 0.0007) and oral lichenoid lesions (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.24\u20136.13, p-value: 0.0129). This association was maintained in patients with oral lichen planus, while also considering hypothyroidism (OR: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.46\u20139.58, p-value: 0.0059) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR: 4.57, 95% CI: 1.58\u201313.23, p-value: 0.005) alone. The correlation of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking status with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions was also evaluated but no statistical significance was found.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Even if further investigations are needed, the association between oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions with thyroid pathologies should be taken into consideration by endocrinologists due to the potential malignancy of these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1772247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T22:40:15Z","timestamp":1695249615000},"page":"510-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Correlation between Oral Lichen Planus and Thyroid Pathologies: A Retrospective Study in a Sample of Italian Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Piloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2522-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferragina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3182-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Barca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvis","family":"Kallaverja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6365-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Cristofaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0262","article-title":"Evidence of earlier thyroid dysfunction in newly diagnosed oral lichen planus patients: a hint for endocrinologists","volume":"6","author":"P G Arduino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"445","article-title":"Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. A retrospective analysis from 2003-2014: our experience","volume":"91","author":"D Novembre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1760300","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of oral lichen planus using deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"17","author":"P Achararit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12700","article-title":"Can atrophic-erosive oral lichen planus promote cardiovascular diseases? 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