{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:56:19Z","timestamp":1783101379033,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background: Several operative treatments exist for scaphoid fractures, varying by approach (e.g., ercutaneous, volar, or dorsal), implant type (e.g., screw or Kirschner wire), and bone raft choice (e.g., none, nonvascularized, or vascularized). Many previous systematic eviews and meta-analyses have investigated outcomes following different surgical\u00dapproaches, the use of vascularized versus nonvascularized bone graft for scaphoid\u00dfracture nonunions, and treatment for specific fracture patterns. However, given the advancements n scaphoid fracture treatment in recent years, there is a need for updated treatment recommendations hat would be beneficial to hand surgeons.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Purpose: We present a comprehensive review of the operative treatment of scaphoid fractures based on recent literature and propose a unified treatment algorithm for managing these fractures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods: The English-language literature was searched from 2002 to 2023 for high evidence level (e.g., randomized trials), review, and meta-analysis articles with the following search terms: \u201cscaphoid, \u201du8220\u201cscaphoid\u201d AND \u201cnonunion, \u201d and \u201cscaphoid\u201d AND \u201cmalunion. \u201d Each article was creened by the authors to determine the scaphoid fracture scenario addressed and ubsequent treatment recommendations. The findings from article reviews were then rganized by scaphoid fracture types in this manuscript.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results: A total of 95 pertinent articles were ultimately selected and used as the basis for reviewing different scaphoid fracture scenarios. A treatment algorithm was then proposed based on literature review.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion: This summary of the recent literature can guide hand surgeons in addressing scaphoid\u00dfractures. Future research in scaphoid fracture treatment, particularly for nonunions, would be most beneficial n the form of systematic review, meta-analysis, or multicenter prospective randomized clinical trials.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Level of Evidence:  IV<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1772689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T23:53:37Z","timestamp":1707522817000},"page":"194-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Surgical Treatment of Scaphoid Fractures: Recommendations for Management"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Samade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham M.","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Fractures of the carpal bones","author":"S Lee","year":"2017"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.06.016","article-title":"Delays and poor management of scaphoid fractures: factors contributing to nonunion","volume":"36","author":"K Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.12.010","article-title":"Failure of surgery for scaphoid non-union is associated with smoking","volume":"31","author":"C P Little","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35446","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.35446","article-title":"The influence of smoking on healing of scaphoid non-union after a vascularized pedicle bone flap operation: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"I Konstantinidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564983","article-title":"The missed scaphoid fracture-outcomes of delayed cast treatment","volume":"4","author":"R Grewal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2775","article-title":"Epidemiology of fracture nonunion in 18 human bones","volume":"151","author":"R Zura","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199402000-00012","article-title":"Long-term results of fracture of the scaphoid. 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