{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:29:11Z","timestamp":1790706551081,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lateral wall insufficiency is a commonly encountered etiology of nasal obstruction, resulting from dynamic collapse at the level of the internal or external nasal valve. Various management strategies exist to strengthen the lateral wall or stent the nasal valves to relieve nasal obstruction, and range from noninvasive devices, minimally invasive implants, or surgical reconstructive techniques. Surgical options to address the nasal valves are selected based on each patient's anatomic findings, aesthetic and functional goals, and surgeon preference. This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the nasal sidewall and nasal valves and diagnosis of lateral wall insufficiency, and provides a framework for treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1773767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:14:45Z","timestamp":1694736885000},"page":"616-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Management of Lateral Wall Insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7139-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara W.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Institute, Section of Facial Plastic and Microvascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Lyford-Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2016.12.010","article-title":"The external nasal valve","volume":"25","author":"G S Hamilton III","year":"2017","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.04.019","article-title":"Clinical consensus statement: diagnosis and management of nasal valve compromise","volume":"143","author":"J S Rhee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1970.04310060015005","article-title":"Physiology of the nasal valve","volume":"92","author":"G P Bridger","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200203000-00054","article-title":"Understanding the nasal airway: principles and practice","volume":"109","author":"B K Howard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31590-5","article-title":"Nasal valve physiology. Implications in nasal surgery","volume":"20","author":"J L Kasperbauer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","first-page":"e66","article-title":"Validation of a grading system for lateral nasal wall insufficiency","volume":"4","author":"G J Tsao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.0718","article-title":"Repair of lateral wall insufficiency","volume":"20","author":"R Vaezeafshar","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006978","article-title":"Evaluation of validity and specificity of the Cottle maneuver in diagnosis of nasal valve collapse","volume":"146","author":"A Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.09.016","article-title":"Development and validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale","volume":"130","author":"M G Stewart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.1083","article-title":"The 10-item Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) for functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty","volume":"20","author":"S P Moubayed","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.0291","article-title":"A comparison of over-the-counter mechanical nasal dilators: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"N Kiyohara","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-3-38","article-title":"Decrease of resistance to air flow with nasal strips as measured with the airflow perturbation device","volume":"3","author":"L S Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3621","article-title":"Stenting the nasal airway for maximizing inspiratory airflow: internal Max-Air Nose Cones versus external Breathe Right strip","volume":"25","author":"B Raudenbush","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","first-page":"122","article-title":"Effects of the nasal strip and dilator on nasal breathing\u2013a study with healthy subjects","volume":"42","author":"L I Peltonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570124","article-title":"Mitek suspension of the lateral nasal wall","volume":"32","author":"J R White Jr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1288932","article-title":"Suspension suture techniques in nasal valve surgery","volume":"27","author":"M S Page","year":"2011","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31814842cd","article-title":"Nasal valve suspension revisited","volume":"117","author":"M J Nuara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1786-8498","article-title":"Titanium implants in the nose: state of the art","volume":"38","author":"D F \u00e0Wengen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1600900","article-title":"Nasal valve reconstruction using a titanium implant: an outcomes study","volume":"10","author":"N D Goldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref20","first-page":"E5","article-title":"An adjustable implant for nasal valve dysfunction: a 3-year experience","volume":"91","author":"C G Hurbis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-005-0119-8","article-title":"The use of high-density porous polyethylene as a custom-made nasal spreader graft","volume":"30","author":"A G\u00fcrlek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.04.001","article-title":"A bioabsorbable lateral nasal wall stent for dynamic nasal valve collapse: a review","volume":"27","author":"A Sanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28151","article-title":"Twelve-month outcomes of a bioabsorbable implant for in-office treatment of dynamic nasal valve collapse","volume":"130","author":"D M Sidle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.227","article-title":"Adverse events associated with bioabsorbable nasal implants: a MAUDE database analysis","volume":"168","author":"S G Wilkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22362","article-title":"Assessment of bioabsorbable implant treatment for nasal valve collapse compared to a sham group: a randomized control trial","volume":"9","author":"P Stolovitzky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103118","article-title":"A comparison of an absorbable nasal implant versus functional rhinoplasty for nasal obstruction","volume":"42","author":"M D Olson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22543","article-title":"Effectiveness of using a bioabsorbable implant (Latera) to treat nasal valve collapse in patients with nasal obstruction: systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"D H Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894221121405","article-title":"Comparison of nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score outcomes after autologous cartilage grafts and Latera nasal implants","volume":"132","author":"C M Clark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1825-2610","article-title":"Surgical treatment of dynamic nasal collapse","volume":"38","author":"K SY Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.490","article-title":"Alar batten grafts","volume":"16","author":"D Y Chua","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900080034002","article-title":"Use of alar batten grafts for correction of nasal valve collapse","volume":"123","author":"D M Toriumi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2014.09.004","article-title":"Lateral crural repositioning for treatment of cephalic malposition","volume":"23","author":"D M Toriumi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199704000-00001","article-title":"Lateral crural strut graft: technique and clinical applications in rhinoplasty","volume":"99","author":"J P Gunter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw087","article-title":"Anatomical study of the lateral crural strut graft in rhinoplasty and its clinical application","volume":"36","author":"RdeO Silva Filho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2011.798","article-title":"Lateral crural turn-in flap in functional rhinoplasty","volume":"14","author":"F Apaydin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1830","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29389","article-title":"Effect of lateral crural procedures on nasal wall stability and tip aesthetics in rhinoplasty","volume":"131","author":"M Abdelwahab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001128","article-title":"Dynamics of the alar rim graft","volume":"135","author":"B Guyuron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2009.68","article-title":"Alar rim grafting in rhinoplasty: indications, technique, and outcomes","volume":"11","author":"K DO Boahene","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1585573","article-title":"The articulated alar rim graft: reengineering the conventional alar rim graft for improved contour and support","volume":"32","author":"A C Ballin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1773767.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T15:54:12Z","timestamp":1730822052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1773767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1773767","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]}}}