{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:16:38Z","timestamp":1793128598244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["South Asian J Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On the Indian subcontinent, oral cancer represents a significant health burden. Local flaps offer a viable alternative to free flaps in specific reconstructive scenarios where free flaps may not be feasible. The islanded nasolabial flap, based on the facial artery, proves to be a robust and versatile option for single-stage reconstructions of oral cavity defects. In this study, we share our experience employing the islanded nasolabial flap at a high-volume cancer center in Central India for reconstructing buccal mucosa and tongue defects. This prospective observational study focused on approximately 76 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (specifically, the anterior 2\/3rd of the tongue and buccal mucosa) at our cancer hospital between August 2021 and January 2023. Initially, 76 patients were included; however, four patients were subsequently excluded due to inadvertent facial vein injury during neck dissection caused by level IB node invasion. Consequently, 72 patients underwent islanded nasolabial flap reconstruction and were monitored for postoperative complications and functional outcomes. Our study's patients fell within the age range of 24 to 81 years, with the majority between 40 and 50 years old. Most of our patients had carcinoma affecting the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (61.11%), followed by carcinoma of the buccal mucosa (38.88%). Surgical site infection occurred in four patients (5.55%) at the donor site, and one patient (1.38%) experienced flap necrosis after tongue carcinoma surgery. However, the majority of our patients (93.05%) experienced no postoperative complications. Speech intelligibility was good for all patients (100%) with buccal mucosa cancer. A significant portion of patients (78.57%) could tolerate a normal diet, while 21.42% required a soft diet. Among patients with tongue carcinoma, 56.81% had good speech intelligibility, and 43.18% had acceptable speech intelligibility. Regarding swallowing capacity assessment, 65.90% of patients tolerated a normal diet, and 34.09% could manage a soft diet. None of our patients had poor speech intelligibility, and none depended on a liquid diet or tube feeding. This study underscores the versatility of the islanded nasolabial flap in oral cancer resection reconstruction. The islanded nasolabial flap proves to be a straightforward, effective, and reliable technique with a low incidence of complications and exceptional functional outcomes, establishing it as a valuable reconstructive option for small-to-medium-sized oral defects. This is particularly noteworthy for high-volume centers and regions with limited resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1775846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1696618890000},"page":"371-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Islanded Nasolabial Flap: A Versatile and Reliable Flap for Reconstruction in Cancers of the Oral Cavity"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amar","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Bhojwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mahaveer Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.03.001","article-title":"Speech and swallowing following tongue cancer surgery and free flap reconstruction\u2013a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"L Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42630","article-title":"Analytic review of 2372 free flap transfers for head and neck reconstruction following cancer resection","volume":"19","author":"T Nakatsuka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20804","article-title":"Functional outcome after total and subtotal glossectomy with free flap reconstruction","volume":"30","author":"C Yanai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-10-227","article-title":"Nasolabial flap reconstruction in oral cancer","volume":"10","author":"S Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-26","article-title":"Clinical reliability of radial forearm free flap in repair of buccal defects","volume":"11","author":"Q G Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-3-28","article-title":"Reconstruction of oral mucosal defects using the nasolabial flap: clinical experience with 22 patients","volume":"3","author":"A M Eckardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Head Neck Oncol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-019-00948-z","article-title":"Outcome of nasolabial flap in the reconstruction of head and neck defects","volume":"10","author":"S Kallappa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","first-page":"24","article-title":"Suganthy R. Anatomical variations in termination of common facial vein","volume":"5","author":"A Bertha","year":"2011","journal-title":"JCDR"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02257-2","article-title":"Our experience with nasolabial flaps in soft tissue reconstruction of oral malignancy; feasible option in rural set up","volume":"74","author":"R Goyal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28662","article-title":"Versatility and reliability of islanded pedicled nasolabial flap in head and neck cancer reconstruction","volume":"130","author":"S Chakrabarti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-019-01296-9","article-title":"Pedicled islanded nasolabial flap tunneled under mandible for tongue reconstruction","volume":"20","author":"G H Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000502151","article-title":"Comparative analysis of radial forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh flap in tongue reconstruction after radical resection of tongue cancer","volume":"81","author":"Y C Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"}],"container-title":["South Asian Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1775846.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:13:03Z","timestamp":1781176383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.sajc.org\/the-islanded-nasolabial-flap-a-versatile-and-reliable-flap-for-reconstruction-in-cancers-of-the-oral-cavity\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1775846","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2278-330X","2278-4306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2278-330X","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-4306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]}}}