{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:31:51Z","timestamp":1778279511291,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Bacterial nanocellulose (BN), derived from Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 237672, is a polymer that offers several desirable characteristics for scaffolds applications. To further enhance the characteristic of the BN scaffold, hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Anadara granosa and Achatina fulica can be incorporated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the physical properties of a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made of HAp and BN.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003The scaffold was developed using the cellulose immersion technique, where BN was soaked in HAp suspension for different duration (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25\u2009hours). The physical properties that were evaluated included porosity, pore density, swelling ratio, and water retention.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The HAp\/BN 3D scaffold, which is considered a hydrogel material, exhibited favorable physical properties that can support cell survival. The total porosity of the scaffolds was 100%. There was no significant difference porosity among the groups (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The swelling ratio increased on day 1 and then sharply decreased on day 2. There was a significant difference between the groups on both day 1 and day 2 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The scaffolds immersed in the HAp for more than 15\u2009hours exhibited higher water retention compared to the other groups, and there was a significant difference between the groups on day 2 and day 4 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The scaffold immersed for more than 15\u2009hours exhibited a higher pore density compared to those immersed for less than 15\u2009hours, and there was no a significant difference between the groups (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Our findings suggest that the HAp\/BN 3D scaffold, especially when immersed in HAp for 15\u2009hours, possesses promising physical properties that make it suitable for various applications in dental tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1776123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T23:52:09Z","timestamp":1700783529000},"page":"891-897","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["New Insight of Scaffold Based on Hydroxyapatite (HAp)\/Bacteria's Nanocellulose (BN) for Dental Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-5981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Anitasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Material and Devices, Dentistry Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department Medical Microbiology, Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik Setia","family":"Budi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4209-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Kang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliana Mahdiyah Da'at","family":"Arina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","first-page":"796","article-title":"Novel application of 3D scaffolds of Poly(E-caprolactone)\/graphene as osteoinductive properties in bone defect","volume":"17","author":"H S 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