{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:43:05Z","timestamp":1740166985122,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The early geneticist and psychiatrist Ernst R\u00fcdin (1874\u20131952) became one of the key figures in the eugenics movement and in the German health system of the Nazi era. His connections in the international eugenics network have played an important role in the history of eugenics.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To discuss the connections between Ernst R\u00fcdin's scientific group in Munich and Otmar von Verschuer's group in Frankfurt during the Nazi era.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Otorhinolaryngological materials from Ernst R\u00fcdin's former private library are presented, and they show R\u00fcdin's deep involvement in the international eugenics network. These materials provide insights into early medical genetics in otorhinolaryngology.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003One result of the present study is that eugenics groups from Munich, Frankfurt, and New York certainly influenced one another in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Karlheinz Idelberger and Josef Mengele were two scientists who performed hereditary research on orofacial clefts. Later, Mengele became deeply involved in Nazi medical crimes. His former work on orofacial clefts clearly had, to some extent, an influence on subsequent studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003An international eugenics network already existed before 1933. However, it becomes clear that the weaknesses of many early genetic studies did not enable its authors to draw firm scientific conclusions, suggesting that scientists lacked an accurate concept of the genetic causes of most illnesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1776701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1706141830000},"page":"e319-e325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["History of Eugenics in Otorhinolaryngology: Ernst R\u00fcdin and the International Eugenics Network"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6471-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beato","family":"Suwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohendodeleben, Saxony\u2013Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Gesetz zur Verh\u00fctung erbranken Nachwuchses vom 14","year":"1936","author":"A G\u00fctt","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78607-5","volume-title":"Ernst R\u00fcdin. 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