{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:42:17Z","timestamp":1780652537550,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Eagle syndrome is a rare and an often misdiagnosed entity in otorhinolaryngology.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To determine the efficacy of the surgical treatment for Eagle syndrome.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The present prospective study included 25 patients who presented with complaints of pain in the throat, ear, and neck, as well as difficulty and\/or pain while swallowing; they were assessed for Eagle syndrome. As per patient profile, we performed a clinical assessments along with orthopantomograms (OPGs), three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Pain was assessed pre- and postoperatively through the Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11), whose score ranges from 0 to 10. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy was performed in cases in which the conservative treatment failed to relieve pain.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean age of the entire study population was of 36.08\u2009\u00b1\u20097.19 years, and the male-to-female ratio was of 1.08:1. Referred otalgia was the commonest (44%) complaint. Radiologically, out of 25 patients, 20 patients presented elongated styloid processes. The longest symptomatic styloid process measured radiographically was of 64.7\u2009mm while the shortest was of 28.2\u2009mm. Out of 20 patients, 12 underwent surgery. The postoperative pain assessment through the NRS-11 was performed on day 0 (3.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.83), day 7 (1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52), week 4 (0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52), and week 12 (0.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.51). By 12 weeks, 7 patients were symptom-free, while 5 patients still reported mild pain.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Eagle syndrome associated with an elongated styloid process is not a rarity, but it often goes undiagnosed. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy shows excellent results in the management of patients with Eagle syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1776717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T23:55:55Z","timestamp":1710546955000},"page":"e400-e406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of the Surgical Approach in the Treatment of Eagle Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sahil","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8052-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ESIC Hospital & PGIMSR Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Satya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam K","family":"Saidha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rama Medical College, Kanpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2980-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urvi","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1937.00650010656008","article-title":"Elongated styloid processes: Report of two cases","volume":"25","author":"W W Eagle","year":"1937","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/jhnps.jhnps_29_17","article-title":"Eagle's Syndrome: Our experiences in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Eastern India","volume":"5","author":"S K Swain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Head Neck Physicians Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.01.015","article-title":"Bilateral Eagle syndrome with associated internal carotid artery kinking and significant stenosis","volume":"34","author":"D Radak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","first-page":"412","article-title":"Eagle syndrome: toward a clinical delimitation","volume":"36","author":"N Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurologia (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Eagle Syndrome","author":"M Bokhari","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-7749.152855","article-title":"KIni R. The styloid process: Morphological variationsin South Indian population","volume":"21","author":"R R Kashyap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Otol"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Styloid Process. [Updated 2020 Jul 27]","author":"A K Abuhaimed"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","first-page":"399","article-title":"Computerized Tomography and Radiological Diagnosis of Two Cases of Eagle Syndrome","volume":"3","author":"B SR Prakash","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Science and Current Research"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjotol.INDIANJOTOL_140_16","article-title":"Neglected cause of referred otalgia: Eagle's syndrome","volume":"24","author":"J H Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Otol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2019.05.002","article-title":"Management of stylohyoid syndrome: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines","volume":"136","author":"Q Lisan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref11","first-page":"ZC90","article-title":"Prevalence of elongated styloid process in a central Brazilian population","volume":"9","author":"E M Vieira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3329\/bjo.v18i2.12006","article-title":"Tonsillo-styloidectomy for Eagle's syndrome: review of 20 cases","volume":"18","author":"A H Bhuyan Md","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-019-01630-0","article-title":"Eagle's Syndrome: An Underdiagnosed Condition-Case Series in a Tertiary Care Hospital","volume":"71","author":"P Hajare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2018.10.008","article-title":"Eagle's syndrome: a case report and CT pictorial review","volume":"14","author":"G Scavone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000406","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of the Numerical Rating Scale to Assess Self-Reported Pain Intensity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review","volume":"33","author":"E Castarlenas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016","article-title":"Studies comparing Numerical Rating Scales, Verbal Rating Scales, and Visual Analogue Scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"41","author":"M J Hjermstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"101","key":"ref17","first-page":"335","article-title":"Stylalgia Revisited: Clinical Profile and Management","volume":"30","author":"J N Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"149","article-title":"Stylalgia: clinical experience of 52 cases","volume":"224","author":"R H\u00e4rm\u00e4","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1776717.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:55:08Z","timestamp":1730807708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1776717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1776717","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]}}}