{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:09:54Z","timestamp":1787584194937,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Radiol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Odontogenic infections are one of the common causes of maxillary sinusitis. With the close proximity of the roots of maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor, the infection may spread into the sinus causing sinus mucosal thickening. This study aims to evaluate the association between maxillary posterior teeth periapical pathologies and maxillary sinus mucosal changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003One-hundred six maxillary posterior teeth with periapical lesions were included in this study and were assessed using CBCT images by two maxillofacial radiologists. The proximity of the roots to the sinus floor, the proximity of the top edge of the periapical lesion to the sinus floor, and the sinus mucosal changes associated with the periapical lesions were studied. The size of the periapical lesion was measured and scored using CBCT periapical index. Mucosal thickening more than 2\u2009mm was considered pathological and the type, pattern, and severity of mucosal thickening were assessed. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests at a level of significance set at p-value less than 0.05.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Among the 106 teeth with periapical lesions, 99 teeth (93.4%) revealed the presence of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening. The prevalence of mucosal thickening increased significantly with the presence of cortical bone destruction, the close proximity of the root, and the periapical lesion to the sinus floor. The generalized type of mucosal thickening was more prevalent with larger periapical lesions and a significant increase in the severity of the thickening was observed closer spatial relationship of the root to the sinus floor.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Periapical pathologies of maxillary posterior teeth often cause sinus mucosal thickening. The early diagnosis and management of these pathologies will be helpful in preventing the spread of infection into the maxillary sinus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T23:56:03Z","timestamp":1700783763000},"page":"246-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Association between Maxillary Posterior Teeth Periapical Pathologies and Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Changes\u2014A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3462-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinitha G.","family":"Kaimal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharati","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"07","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.04.010","article-title":"Association between periapical lesions and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomographic study","volume":"39","author":"S Shanbhag","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.09.014","article-title":"Evaluation of periapical lesions and their association with maxillary sinus abnormalities on cone-beam computed tomographic images","volume":"42","author":"C A Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Maxillary inflammatory lesions","author":"L Lee","year":"2007","edition":"5th ed."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.07.007","article-title":"Resolution of maxillary sinus mucositis after endodontic treatment of maxillary teeth with apical periodontitis: a cone-beam computed tomography pilot study","volume":"37","author":"B Nurbakhsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.05.014","article-title":"Spread of odontogenic infection originating in the maxillary teeth: computerized tomographic assessment","volume":"98","author":"N Obayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-005-0020-5","article-title":"Roots of the maxillary first and second molars in horizontal relation to alveolar cortical plates and maxillary sinus: computed tomography assessment for infection spread","volume":"10","author":"Y Ariji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","first-page":"16","article-title":"Evaluation of the relationship between maxillary sinus floor position and maxillary sinusitis using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"33","author":"E Yildirim","year":"2017","journal-title":"OR"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02262.x","article-title":"Diagnostic value of 2D and 3D imaging in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: a review of literature","volume":"39","author":"M Shahbazian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","first-page":"123","article-title":"Association between odontogenic conditions and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening: a retrospective CBCT study","volume":"23","author":"U Aksoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"COI"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41121-020-00020-4","article-title":"Applications of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics","volume":"5","author":"A B Khanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Endod"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.08.013","article-title":"A new periapical index based on cone beam computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"C Estrela","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.04.027","article-title":"Associations between maxillary sinus mucosal thickening and apical periodontitis using cone-beam computed tomography scanning: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Y Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32834e62ed","article-title":"Odontogenic sinusitis: an ancient but under-appreciated cause of maxillary sinusitis","volume":"20","author":"N A Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.10.031","article-title":"Prevalence of mucosal abnormalities of the maxillary sinus and their relationship to dental disease in panoramic radiography: results from the Health 2000 Health Examination Survey","volume":"109","author":"J Vallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e572","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20587","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomographic analysis of maxillary premolars and molars to detect the relationship between periapical and marginal bone loss and mucosal thickness of maxillary sinus","volume":"20","author":"D Goller-Bulut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.10.017","article-title":"An analysis of the proximity of maxillary posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"42","author":"X M Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-12-30","article-title":"Occurrence of maxillary sinus abnormalities detected by cone beam CT in asymptomatic patients","volume":"12","author":"I CC Rege","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01502.x","article-title":"Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)","volume":"14","author":"P Pazera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.12.007","article-title":"Prevalence of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computerized tomography","volume":"111","author":"L Ritter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02321.x","article-title":"Anatomic variations and lesions of the maxillary sinus detected in cone beam computed tomography for dental implants","volume":"23","author":"J P Lana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13362","article-title":"Evaluation of factors affecting the association between thickening of sinus mucosa and the presence of periapical lesions using cone beam CT","volume":"53","author":"C G\u00fcrhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Endod J"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1777013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T16:15:29Z","timestamp":1730823329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1777013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1777013","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-3026","1998-3808"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-3026","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3808","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]}}}