{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T22:40:02Z","timestamp":1764715202545,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Tissue conditioners are composed of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) powder and plasticizer\/ethanol mix liquid. Butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate (BPBG) plasticizer is commonly used in tissue conditioners, but the main concern with phthalate plasticizer is its leachability and biocompatibility, especially the estrogenic activity and cytotoxicity of phthalate. Therefore, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) plasticizer has been introduced and formulated as plasticizer in tissue conditioner; however its leachability characteristics are still unknown. Furthermore, the effect of foodsimulating liquids toward leachability of BPBG and ATBC plasticizers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of food-simulating liquids on the leachability of plasticizers and hardness of two experimental tissue conditioners containing BPBG and ATBC plasticizers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003Ten experimental materials were prepared using PEMA polymer powder with 95% plasticizer (BPBG and ATBC) and 5% ethanol by volume, using powder to liquid ratio of 1.67:1, and the thickness was controlled at 3\u2009mm. Shore A hardness value was measured after immersion in distilled water, artificial saliva, 25% ethanol\/water mix, 3% citric acid, and coconut oil at 37\u00b0C. Measurements were taken at 2\u2009hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 84 days. Six readings were taken for each sample and hardness change was calculated and statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Increase in hardness value was noted for both plasticizers over time with the highest increase was when immersed in coconut oil. Shore A hardness value was significantly higher in ATBC after 84 days of immersion in all food-simulating liquids. The increase in hardness is due to plasticizer\/ethanol leaching; however, as ethanol content was the same (5%), the hardness change is attributed to the leaching of plasticizers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Leaching of both plasticizers was highest in coconut oil indicating that tissue conditioners may have a shorter intraoral lifetime in patients eating high-fat diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:06:53Z","timestamp":1707437213000},"page":"883-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Food-Simulating Liquids on the Leachability of Plasticizers from Dental Tissue Conditioners"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1263-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan Nor Syariza","family":"Wan Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mangala","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"152","article-title":"Tissue conditioners: a review","volume":"4","author":"A D Prasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nitte Univ J Health Sci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-77572016ed003","article-title":"Sustained drug-delivery system: a promising therapy for denture stomatitis?","volume":"24","author":"K H Neppelenbroek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061233","article-title":"Physico-mechanical properties of commercially available tissue conditioner modified with synthesized chitosan oligosaccharide","volume":"14","author":"A Saeed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.27.856","article-title":"Effects of adding methacrylate monomers on viscosity and mechanical properties of experimental light-curing soft lining materials based on urethane (meth)acrylate oligomers","volume":"27","author":"T Kanie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","first-page":"9","article-title":"Hardness changes of tissue conditioners in various storage media: an in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"A Ntounis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1682","article-title":"Advances in soft denture liners: an update","volume":"16","author":"M I Hashem","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","first-page":"506","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of physical properties of four tissue conditioners relined to modeling plastic material","volume":"10","author":"A Monzavi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00391-4","article-title":"The effect of particle size on the gelation of tissue conditioners","volume":"22","author":"S Parker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.11.032","article-title":"How dangerous are phthalate plasticizers? 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Khaledi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-4052.167931","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of effect on water sorption and solubility of a temporary soft denture liner material when stored either in distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or artificial saliva: an in vitro study","volume":"16","author":"A Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Indian Prosthodont Soc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2186\/jjps.48.404","article-title":"Leaching behavior of phthalate esters for tissue conditioners in various immersion media","volume":"48","author":"M Kawaguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","first-page":"155","article-title":"Resilient liners: a review","volume":"13","author":"S Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Indian Prosthodont 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