{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:43:31Z","timestamp":1770741811373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although frontal prominence is an infrequent benign defect that causes no sequelae, it gives the patient distress due to its unaesthetic visual aspect. Proper surgical recontouring of the forehead can radically change one's appearance. In consequence, different techniques have been proposed for its management and correction. The aim of this study is to describe a surgical algorithm to treat male patients with forehead reduction to soften the \u201cforceful\u201d look. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the head and neck surgery ward of a general hospital between 2019 and 2022. We performed 35 forehead reduction operations on male patients. The median age was 29 years (range, 26\u201332 years). The forehead reduction procedures performed was categorized as follows: 27 anterior table osteotomy and 8 anterior table osteotomy contouring. Median forehead reduction was 2.7\u2009mm (range, 2\u20133.2\u2009mm). The average medical follow-up for patients was 6 months, with an interval ranging from 4 to 8 months. Surgery of the forehead in properly selected male patients is sufficiently safe that it can be done for entirely aesthetic reasons. The choice of surgical technique depends on the presence or absence of the pneumatized frontal sinus. If the frontal sinus is not pneumatized, an anterior table contouring is performed and if the frontal sinus is pneumatized, an anterior table osteotomy is preferred.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T23:49:35Z","timestamp":1700696975000},"page":"605-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Considerations in Forehead Reduction for Men"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Service, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9909-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana Lucia","family":"Chang-Grozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Service, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697962","article-title":"Forehead\/brow reduction or augmentation with custom implants for enhanced facial profileplasty","volume":"35","author":"B L Eppley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.05.016","article-title":"Craniofacial surgical strategies for the correction of pneumosinus dilatans frontalis","volume":"41","author":"M Gali\u00e8","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.01.009","article-title":"Forehead reduction and orbital contouring in facial feminisation surgery for transgender females","volume":"56","author":"K Altman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"728","volume-title":"Plastic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton","author":"S A Wolfe","year":"1989"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0046-3","article-title":"Aesthetic correction of a hypertrophic sinus frontalis: a long-term follow-up evaluation and refinement of the method","volume":"30","author":"F Viterbo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198705000-00003","article-title":"Feminization of the forehead: contour changing to improve female aesthetics","volume":"79","author":"D K Ousterhout","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.11.003","article-title":"Contouring the forehead and rhinoplasty in the feminization of the face in male-to-female transsexuals","volume":"38","author":"R Dempf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007113","article-title":"Technical pearls in frontal and periorbital bone contouring in gender-affirmation surgery","volume":"146","author":"B S Eisemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2010.02.001","article-title":"CT measurement of the frontal sinus\u2014gender differences and implications for frontal cranioplasty","volume":"38","author":"M K Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198705000-00013","article-title":"The abnormally large frontal sinus. I. A practical method for its determination based upon an analysis of 100 normal patients","volume":"97","author":"M L Urken","year":"1987","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.06.075","article-title":"Pneumosinus dilatans: a rare cause of frontal sinus expansion\u2014case report and review of literature","volume":"66","author":"A C Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578340","article-title":"Aesthetics of feminizing the male face by craniofacial contouring of the facial bones","volume":"14","author":"M B Habal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000545","article-title":"Facial feminization surgery: the forehead. Surgical techniques and analysis of results","volume":"134","author":"L Capit\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s002669900299","article-title":"Combined frontal bone reshaping and forehead lift for frontal sinus hypertrophy","volume":"23","author":"Y Komuro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0043-1777319.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T13:21:29Z","timestamp":1730812889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0043-1777319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1777319","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]}}}