{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:07:35Z","timestamp":1790741255023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to the European Association of Urology (EAU)\/European Society for Pediatric Urology (ESPU) 2016 guidelines in the management of undescended testes (UDT).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003An online questionnaire was sent in 2023 to members of the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Among 157 members, 46 and 44% perform orchidopexy before 12 and 18 months, respectively. In total, 92% recommend conservative management of retractile testes and 58% offer close follow-up. In case of nonpalpable testes, 78% favor laparoscopy and 18% ultrasonography. If a peeping testicle is identified at laparoscopy, 76% perform a single-stage orchidopexy. In case of a high testicle, a staged procedure is preferred (84%). Management of blind-ending spermatic vessel is heterogenous with a majority ending the operation, followed by exploration of the inguinal canal and removal of the testicular nubbin with optional fixation of the contralateral testis. Only a minority recommends hormonal therapy to improve fertility potential in bilateral UDT. A majority (59%) discuss testis removal in UDT in postpubertal boys. In addition, 77% declare following the EAU\/ESPU guidelines. Unawareness of guidelines was the most common reason cited for nonadherence. International guidelines were found to have the greatest influence on clinical practice; however, personal experience and institutional practice seem to play an important role.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Most recommendations of the EAU\/ESPU guidelines are being followed by EUPSA members; however, personal and institutional practice impact decision making. Hormonal therapy in bilateral UDT, management of vanishing testes, and UDT in postpubertal boys could be improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:10:21Z","timestamp":1701216621000},"page":"452-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Survey on the Adherence to EAU\/ESPU Guidelines in the Management of Undescended Testes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ophelia","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hind","family":"Zaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amulya K.","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chelsea Children's Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Cryptorchidism and hypospadias","author":"J M Hutson","year":"2000"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02654.x","article-title":"Cryptorchidism: incidence, risk factors, and potential role of environment; an update","volume":"24","author":"P F Thonneau","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.98477","article-title":"Imaging studies for non-palpable testis: are they at all required?","volume":"28","author":"M R Pradhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Urol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00239.x","article-title":"Surgical treatment of undescended testes","volume":"96","author":"J Thorup","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"39","key":"ref5","first-page":"649","article-title":"The timing of surgery for undescended testis - a retrospective multicenter analysis","volume":"111","author":"G Hrivatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0181","article-title":"Undescended testes: a consensus on management","volume":"159","author":"E M Ritz\u00e9n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref7","first-page":"240","article-title":"Cryptorchidism: a clinical perspective","volume":"11","author":"C Kollin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-020-01262-9","article-title":"Malignancy in an undescended intra-abdominal testis: a single institution experience","volume":"12","author":"V Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1897","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0072","article-title":"Effectiveness of hormonal and surgical therapies for cryptorchidism: a systematic review","volume":"131","author":"D Penson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000181058","article-title":"Treatment of cryptorchidism with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin releasing hormone. 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