{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:27:10Z","timestamp":1793388430447,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Precision medicine has revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology, with innovative approaches that characterize diseases based on their biology, deeper understanding of the factors leading to heterogeneity within the same disease, development of targeted therapies, and strategies to tailor therapies to each patient. This review explores the impact of precision medicine on various neuroimmunological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), optic neuritis, autoimmune encephalitis, and immune-mediated neuropathies. We discuss advances in disease subtyping, recognition of novel entities, promising biomarkers, and the development of more selective monoclonal antibodies and cutting-edge synthetic cell-based immunotherapies in neuroimmunological disorders. In addition, we analyze the challenges related to affordability and equity in the implementation of these emerging technologies, especially in situations with limited resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:05:43Z","timestamp":1703894743000},"page":"1125-1133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reshaping neuroimmunology: diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8949-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giordani Rodrigues","family":"dos Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina e Instituto do C\u00e9rebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5008-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarso","family":"Adoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3983-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-6020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas Kazutoshi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina e Instituto do C\u00e9rebro do 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