{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:28:39Z","timestamp":1778840919016,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) lacks identifiable anatomical pathology and effective pharmacological treatment. Alternative approaches in homeopathy, specifically clinical homeopathy, utilize ultra-diluted (potentized) biological products. In Brazil, standardized biotherapics from sheep tissues, particularly fifty-millesimal (LM) potencies of sheep Lumbar Vertebra, have shown promise in alleviating CNSLBP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003Our objective is to present the study protocol of a clinical trial that will assess the efficacy and safety of the biotherapic Lumbar Vertebra LM2 in the short-term management of CNSLBP and to estimate its therapeutic duration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial spanning 8 weeks per participant was designed. Participants will include 120 individuals (aged 20 to 60 years) with clinically diagnosed CNSLBP by the study's physiotherapist. Exclusion criteria are radicular pain, signs of radiculopathy, specific lumbar spine disorders, pregnancy, or puerperium (up to 60 days after delivery). The medical intervention includes participants being randomly assigned to one of two treatment sequences: homeopathy\u2013placebo or placebo\u2013homeopathy. The treatments will consist of Lumbar Vertebra LM2 oral solution, topical cream, and indistinguishable placebos. Each treatment period will span 2 weeks, with a 4-week washout interval between them. Primary outcome is the assessment of changes in self-reported pain levels using the numeric rating scale (NRS) score, analyzed with a random effects model across both treatment periods. Secondary outcomes are assessment of changes in self-reported disability levels using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), analyzed with a random effects model across both treatment periods, and pain and disability variations, evaluated by the NRS score and ODI respectively, after the first and second treatment periods. Adverse events will be assessed at weeks 2 and 8. Pain medications will be used concomitantly. Adherence will be evaluated by the weight of medication returned\/standard weight.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Discussion\u2003The BIOVERT (Bioactive Vertebra) trial protocol is designed to investigate a homeopathic strategy for short-term CNSLBP treatment. Favorable outcomes for homeopathy could prompt subsequent studies evaluating the long-term effectiveness of LM potencies of Lumbar Vertebra for CNSLBP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Trial Registration\u2003UMIN Clinical Trials Registry \u2013 ID: UMIN000051957<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1778062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:22:05Z","timestamp":1710980525000},"page":"231-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Homeopathy for Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Efficacy of the Biotherapic Lumbar Vertebra (The BIOVERT Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Ubiratan Cardinalli","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maristela Schiabel","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen Nogueira","family":"Carrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deise Lilian Costa","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Nelson Martins","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoela Gomes","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neli Aparecida Martins","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson Zangiacomi","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","article-title":"Non-specific low back 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