{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:15:17Z","timestamp":1787004917731,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":144,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Reprod Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The female reproductive tract (FRT) is home to diverse microbial communities that play a pivotal role in reproductive health and disorders such as infertility, endometriosis, and cervical cancer. To understand the complex host\u2013microbiota interactions within the FRT, models that authentically replicate the FRT's environment, including the interplay between the microbiota, mucus layer, immune system, and hormonal cycle, are key. Recent strides in organoid and microfluidic technologies are propelling research in this domain, offering insights into FRT\u2013microbiota interactions and potential therapeutic avenues. This review delves into the current state of FRT organoid models and microbe integration techniques, evaluating their merits and challenges for specific research objectives. Emphasis is placed on innovative approaches and applications, including integrating organoids with microfluidics, and using patient-derived biobanks, as this offers potential for deeper mechanistic insights and personalized therapeutic strategies. Modeling various FRT properties in organoids is explored, from encompassing age-related epithelial features, oxygen levels, and hormonal effects to mucus layers, immune responses, and microbial interactions, highlighting their potential to transform reproductive health research and predict possible outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1778067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T18:49:06Z","timestamp":1706035746000},"page":"160-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Advanced Technologies for Studying Microbiome\u2013Female Reproductive Tract Interactions: Organoids, Organoids-on-a-Chip, and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7270-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosun A.","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6561-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel R.","family":"de Zoete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaby S.","family":"Steba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Female and Baby, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060546","article-title":"The female reproductive tract microbiome-implications for gynecologic cancers and personalized medicine","volume":"11","author":"A E Rizzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934960","article-title":"Microbiota of female genital tract - functional overview of microbial flora from vagina to uterine tubes and placenta","volume":"71","author":"A Lipt\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21541","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25059","article-title":"The fallopian tube microbiome: implications for reproductive health","volume":"9","author":"E S Pelzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096050","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1096050","article-title":"The female upper reproductive tract harbors endogenous microbial profiles","volume":"14","author":"A Canha-Gouveia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00643","article-title":"The role of microbiomes in pregnant women and offspring: research progress of recent years","volume":"11","author":"Y Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","first-page":"456","article-title":"Lower genital tract infection and endometritis: insight into subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"100","author":"H C Wiesenfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199207000-00001","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. 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