{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:50:41Z","timestamp":1784865041688,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003The application of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm (HS) is a well-established practice. However, neurology residency programs often rely on real patients for training, which has limitations in terms of patient availability and skill acquisition.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Assess the efficacy of a new facial phantom model for acquiring motor skills in BoNT application.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003An anthropomorphic facial phantom model was developed in collaboration with a medical training simulator start-up. A group of seven neurologists and one ophthalmologist with expertise in BoNT application evaluated the model using an adapted learning object review instrument (LORI). The instrument assessed aspects such as: content quality, alignment of learning objectives, feedback and adaptation, motivation, presentation design, and accessibility.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The facial phantom model received high scores in the LORI evaluation, with the highest ratings given to alignment with learning objectives and motivation. The model also scored well in terms of accessibility, content quality, and presentation design. However, feedback and adaptation received a lower score due to the static nature of the model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The facial phantom model shows promise as a valuable tool for teaching and developing competence in BoNT application for HS and blepharospasm. The model reduces the reliance on real patients for training, providing a broader and safer learning experience for neurology residents. It also provides a realistic learning experience and offers portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of manufacturing for use in various medical training scenarios. It is an effective and accessible tool for teaching BoNT application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1779037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:43:59Z","timestamp":1706575439000},"page":"001-006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Facial phantom model: a low-cost and safe tool for teaching botulinum toxin application in neurology residencies"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3311-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Alencar e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Departamento de Neurologia, Natal RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5250-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fraiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9cio de Oliveira","family":"Godeiro J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Departamento de Neurologia, Natal RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"09","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27789","article-title":"Comparison of techniques of 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