{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:00:20Z","timestamp":1771660820051,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) consists of a group of acquired diseases that affect the central nervous system. A myriad of phenotypes may be present at the onset. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, it is difficult to achieve uniformity for the diagnostic and therapeutic processes and follow-up strategies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To describe a series of patients diagnosed with AE in a resource-limited public hospital in southern Brazil and to analyze therapeutics and outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with AE at the Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre from 2014 to 2022. Data collected included clinical presentation, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid testings, electroencephalogram, autoantibodies, treatments, outcomes, follow-up time, degree of neurological impairment, and mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Data from 17 patients were retrieved. Eleven cases were classified as definite AE and 6 as possible AE. Autoantibodies were identified in 9 patients. Timing for diagnosis was impacted by the high costs associated with autoantibody testing. Most patients became functionally dependent (82.4%) and most survivors remained with autoimmune-associated epilepsy (75%). Five patients died during hospitalization, and one after a 26-month of follow-up.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003In this resource-limited hospital, patients with AE had a worse clinical outcome than that previously described in the literature. Development of epilepsy during follow-up and mortality were greater, whilst functional outcome was inferior. Autoantibody testing was initially denied in most patients, which impacted the definitive diagnosis and the use of second-line therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1779054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T23:36:55Z","timestamp":1707349015000},"page":"001-010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Autoimmune encephalitis in a resource-limited public health setting: a case series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Bernardon","family":"Morillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wyllians Vendramini","family":"Borelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovani","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian Daniel","family":"Piccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0824-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martim Bravo","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2856-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Finkelsztejn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-6713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marino Muxfeldt","family":"Bianchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina: Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael Machado","family":"Castilhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina: Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Machado","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, 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