{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:42:10Z","timestamp":1785807730833,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003In clinical practice, patients with the same degree and configuration of hearing loss, or even with normal audiometric thresholds, present substantially different performances in terms of speech perception. This probably happens because other factors, in addition to auditory sensitivity, interfere with speech perception. Thus, studies are needed to investigate the performance of listeners in unfavorable listening conditions to identify the processes that interfere in the speech perception of these subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To verify the influence of age, temporal processing, and working memory on speech recognition in noise.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Thirty-eight adult and elderly individuals with normal hearing thresholds participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: The adult group (G1), composed of 10 individuals aged 21 to 33 years, and the elderly group (G2), with 28 participants aged 60 to 81 years. They underwent audiological assessment with the Portuguese Sentence List Test, Gaps-in-Noise test, Digit Span Memory test, Running Span Task, Corsi Block-Tapping test, and Visual Pattern test.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The Running Span Task score proved to be a statistically significant predictor of the listening-in-noise variable. This result showed that the difference in performance between groups G1 and G2 in relation to listening in noise is due not only to aging, but also to changes in working memory.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The study showed that working memory is a predictor of listening performance in noise in individuals with normal hearing, and that this task can provide important information for investigation in individuals who have difficulty hearing in unfavorable environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1779432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:32:05Z","timestamp":1708129925000},"page":"e473-e480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study of Speech Recognition in Noise and Working Memory in Adults and Elderly with Normal Hearing"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9836-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Aiko","family":"Akashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9456-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cec\u00edlia","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Hearing aids: theoretical foundations and clinical applications. 2nd ed","author":"K Almeida","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Auditory measures with speech skills","author":"R Wilson","year":"1999"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Sentence recognition thresholds, at the sound field, for normal hearing subjects with and without hearing loss","volume":"13","author":"M O Henriques","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal CEFAC [Internet]"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1784440","article-title":"Development of a quick speech-in-noise test for measuring signal-to-noise ratio loss in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners","volume":"116","author":"M C Killion","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","first-page":"188","article-title":"Speech recognition thresholds in noisy areas: reference values for normal hearing adults","volume":"74","author":"M O Henriques","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00031","article-title":"The Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model: theoretical, empirical, and clinical advances","volume":"7","author":"J R\u00f6nnberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-72992004000400014","article-title":"Speech recognition in noise background in young and elderly with hearing loss","volume":"70","author":"A S Caporali","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107892","article-title":"Interacting effects of frontal lobe neuroanatomy and working memory capacity to older listeners' speech recognition in noise","volume":"158","author":"N Giroud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"347","article-title":"Age-group differences in speech identification despite matched audiometrically normal hearing: contributions from auditory temporal processing and cognition","volume":"6","author":"C F\u00fcllgrabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000316","article-title":"Effects of Age and Working Memory Capacity on Speech Recognition Performance in Noise Among Listeners With Normal Hearing","volume":"37","author":"S Gordon-Salant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Listas de senten\u00e7as em portugu\u00eas: apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o de estrat\u00e9gias de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o na audiologia","author":"M J Costa","year":"1998"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1910630","article-title":"Use of a sequential strategy in intelligibility testing","volume":"42","author":"H Levitt","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Assessing temporal processes in adults with LD: the GIN test. 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