{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:57:41Z","timestamp":1780433861267,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessing patients with complaints of nasal obstruction has traditionally been done by evaluation of the nasal airway looking for fixed or dynamic obstructive locations that could impair nasal airflow. Not infrequently, however, symptoms of nasal obstruction do not match the clinical examination of the nasal airway. Addressing this subset of patients may be a challenge to the surgeon. Evaluation of patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction should include a combination of a patient-reported assessment of nasal breathing and at least one objective method for measuring nasal airflow or nasal airway resistance or dimensions. This will allow distinction between patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction and low airflow or high nasal airway resistance and patients with similar symptoms but whose objective evaluation demonstrates normal nasal airflow or normal airway dimensions or resistance. Patients with low nasal airflow or high nasal airway resistance will require treatment to increase nasal airflow as a necessary step to improve symptoms, whereas patients with normal nasal airflow or nasal airway resistance will require a multidimensional assessment looking for less obvious causes of impaired nasal breathing sensation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1779483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T23:47:51Z","timestamp":1706831271000},"page":"341-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Algorithm for Nasal Breathing Impairment Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1158-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Luz Arrabida, Porto, 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