{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T22:56:48Z","timestamp":1772492208001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health concern worldwide. The European Union requires a reduction in the use of antibiotics by 50% by 2030, with separate regulations on organic production that give preference to homeopathy and phytotherapy in organic farms before the use of conventional medicines (including antibiotics). We have therefore designed a two-phased project whose overarching aim is to investigate the potential role of homeopathic medicinal products (HMPs) in combating AMR in turkeys (the HOMAMR project): a two-cohort feasibility study using turkey-farm data that have been collected and analyzed retrospectively, followed by a prospective two-cohort study in turkey farms that would examine the impact of HMPs on changing antibiotic use.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol for the first phase of HOMAMR, which is a study under field conditions to assess the feasibility of collecting data retrospectively about turkeys that have been managed conventionally only or with HMPs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Surveys performed on farms in Germany and Austria, including interviews with consenting farmers, will determine the feasibility of comparing retrospectively gathered data on antibiotic use and performance\/production data in two cohorts of turkeys: (1) homeopathic treatment with conventional care (antibiotics) added if necessary or (2) conventional care (antibiotics) only. Co-primary outcomes to be studied are the amount of antimicrobial use and production period-related mortality. In addition, other production\/performance parameters will be compared between the two treated cohorts.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003To our knowledge, this is the first feasibility study on the treatment of turkeys using homeopathy, and whose retrospectively obtained data will inform a prospective study that would examine the impact of HMPs on antibiotic use in commercial turkey raising, fattening and breeding production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1781448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T22:57:07Z","timestamp":1712271427000},"page":"050-057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing the Feasibility of a Two-Cohort Design to Assess the Potential of Homeopathic Medicinal Products to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance in Turkeys (The HOMAMR Project)\u2014Study Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Baur-Bernhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"K\u00e4sbohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus Georg","family":"Doherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Meemken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Sonnenschein-Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit Ursula","family":"Stetina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary-Ann","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Weiermayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii11","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx503","article-title":"Defining the appropriateness and inappropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in primary care","volume":"73","author":"D RM Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030313","article-title":"Transmission of similar Mcr-1 carrying plasmids among different Escherichia coli lineages isolated from livestock and the farmer","volume":"10","author":"J Vi\u00f1es","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010537","article-title":"One Health: a new definition for a sustainable and healthy future","volume":"18","author":"W B Adisasmito","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.17236\/sat00273","article-title":"[Evidence-based homeopathy and veterinary homeopathy, and its potential to help overcome the anti-microbial resistance problem\u2014an overview]","volume":"162","author":"P Weiermayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"73","volume-title":"The influence of homeopathic remedies on the immune system \u2013 a systematic review [Masters Thesis]","author":"P Sedaghat","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1694999","article-title":"The complexity of the homeopathic healing response. 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