{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:24:52Z","timestamp":1790565892722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003Biofilms play a vital role in the occurrence or worsening of an infectious disease. Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium with the ability to form biofilms that plays a key role in the development of infectious diseases such as dental caries. The formation of biofilms in S. mutans is mediated by quorum sensing. Inhibiting quorum sensing can be considered as one of the approaches to prevent caries. This study aims to investigate the ability of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria to inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilm.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003This research was conducted to analyze bacterial biofilm formation and metabolism. The bacteria used are S. mutans (serotype C), S. gordonii (ATCC 5165), and P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277). Biofilm formation was analyzed using the crystal violet assay. Bacterial metabolism was analyzed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The results of the crystal violet assay indicate a decrease in biofilm formation in S. mutans when in the presence of S. gordonii and S. mutans in the presence of P. gingivalis. The results of the MTT assay show no significant change in the bacterial metabolism of S. mutans in the presence of S. gordonii and S. mutans in the presence of P. gingivalis. However, S. mutans with the presence of S. gordonii and P. gingivalis show an increase in biofilm formation and bacterial metabolism.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003S. gordonii and P. gingivalis are each capable of inhibiting the formation of S. mutans biofilm in a polymicrobial environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1782215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T23:11:01Z","timestamp":1715728261000},"page":"1085-1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Influence of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation in a Polymicrobial Environment (Streptococcus gordonii &amp; Porphyromonas gingivalis)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Indah Listiana","family":"Kriswandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidarningsih","family":"Sidarningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelheid Chrissanda","family":"Hermanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinta Rahayuning","family":"Tyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6311-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Ahmed","family":"Aljunaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.07.012","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm and associated infections","volume":"81","author":"M Jamal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","article-title":"Oral microbiome: unveiling the fundamentals","volume":"23","author":"P N Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091783","article-title":"Quorum sensing and quorum quenching with a focus on cariogenic and periodontopathic oral biofilms","volume":"10","author":"P P Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-021-01232-6","article-title":"Biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and its inhibition by green tea extracts","volume":"11","author":"S M Zayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1993-7","article-title":"The virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the ability to form biofilms","volume":"33","author":"W Krzy\u015bciak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78885-2_12","article-title":"Quorum sensing and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans","volume":"631","author":"D Senadheera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","first-page":"20","article-title":"Quorum sensing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus salivarius (prospects of prevention of dental caries in the future): narrative review","volume":"3","author":"I L Kriswandini","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Med Sci"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02544-8","article-title":"Quorum quenching of Streptococcus mutans via the nano-quercetin-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as a potential target for cariogenic biofilm","volume":"22","author":"M Pourhajibagher","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3618-5","article-title":"Quorum sensing of Streptococcus mutans is activated by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and by the periodontal microbiome","volume":"18","author":"S P Szafra\u0144ski","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","first-page":"238","article-title":"The Streptococcus mutans ability to survive in biofilms and during dental caries formation: scoping review","volume":"18","author":"A Utamaningyas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Syiah Kuala Dentistry Soc"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201700010","article-title":"Streptococcus gordonii LuxS\/autoinducer-2 quorum-sensing system modulates the dual-species biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans","volume":"57","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Basic Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429788","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2018.1429788","article-title":"Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by extracts of Tenacibaculum sp. 20J, a bacterium with wide-spectrum quorum quenching activity","volume":"10","author":"A Muras","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","first-page":"84","article-title":"Biofilm formation 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Oral Microbiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of 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