{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:43:26Z","timestamp":1740167006491,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Mouth breathing generates imbalances in the musculature, in craniofacial morphofunctionality, and in the stomatognathic system. Therefore, it is essential to make a diagnosis of mouth breathing through the quantitative assessment of nasal permeability, which can be performed through rhinomanometry.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To investigate the effectiveness of rhinomanometry in the diagnosis of mouth breathing in pediatric patients through a systematic review of the literature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Data synthesis\u2003The guiding question was: \u201cIs the use of rhinomanometry as an assessment tool effective in the diagnosis of mouth breathing in pediatric patients?\u201d. We conducted a search on the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed\/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, and Science Direct. The Health Sciences Descriptors (Descritores em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, DECS, in Portuguese) and Medical Subjects Headings (MESH) were combined with the Boolean operator AND in the search strategy: rhinomanometry AND mouth breathing AND diagnosis AND nasal pressure AND nasal airflow AND nasal resistance. Observational cohort and cross-sectional studies that addressed the effectiveness of rhinomanometry in the diagnosis of mouth breathing were included. The reviewers independently extracted the information and scored the review quality based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the grading of evidence levels according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Of the 1,536 articles identified, only 3 were selected for the present review after the application of the eligibility criteria.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003There is great concern regarding the assessment of nasal function. There was a lack of standardization of rhinomanometry to test the effectiveness of nasal resistance as an aid in the diagnosis of breathing mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1785199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:13:37Z","timestamp":1711584817000},"page":"e720-e727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Use of Rhinomanometry in Mouth Breathing: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2263-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merly Fernanda Illera","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Communication Health Post-Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6852-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilton Justino da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Therapy, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6648-5288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio Ricardo Couto de","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Therapy, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2349-1215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana de Barros Correia","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5338-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niedje Siqueira de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3420-5074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Freire Pinto","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Andrade da","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Therapy, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Mouth Breathing: Assessment and Speech Therapy","author":"D A Cunha","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"483","volume-title":"Nasal Obstruction and Mouth Breathing Syndrome","author":"B Moraes","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"3","volume-title":"IV Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis-2017: Saline solution In: Joint document of the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology,","author":"E Sakano","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"10","article-title":"Objective Assessment of Nasal Patency: Why, When, How?","volume":"61","author":"R Roithmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl 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Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.01.004","article-title":"Diagnosis of nasal airway obstruction","volume":"42","author":"R K Chandra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-007-0119-x","article-title":"Role of rhinomanometry to assess nasal airflow and resistance in patients undergoing septoplasty","volume":"60","author":"S P Gulati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","first-page":"81","article-title":"Correlation between nasal resistance and different acoustic rhinometry parameters in children and adolescents with and without allergic rhinitis","volume":"78","author":"G F Wandalsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl 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rhinomanometry and cone beam computed tomography in mouth breathers with maxillary atresia","volume":"84","author":"R HUS Sakai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.06.025","article-title":"Impact of adenotonsilectomy on nasal airflow and pulmonary blood pressure in mouth breathing children","volume":"125","author":"V M Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12778","article-title":"Measurements of nasal airflow and patency: a critical review with emphasis on the use of peak nasal inspiratory flow in daily practice","volume":"71","author":"G Ottaviano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10066","article-title":"Nasal airflow and resistance measured by active anterior rhinomanometry in healthy children and adolescents","volume":"33","author":"A Zapletal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","first-page":"169","article-title":"Consensus report on acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry","volume":"43","author":"P AR Clement","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref20","first-page":"471","article-title":"Mouth breathing and forward head posture: effects on respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity in children","volume":"37","author":"R T Okuro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201007-050RN","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the upper airway","volume":"8","author":"A Sahin-Yilmaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref22","first-page":"212","article-title":"Acoustic rhinometry in mouth breathing patients: a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"A C Melo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","first-page":"97","article-title":"Sensory changes in mouth breathers: Systematic review based on the prisma method","volume":"37","author":"A CD Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"36","article-title":"Nasal cavity rhynometric study in patients submitted to rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"J B Paiva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ortodontia"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"4-Phase-Rhinomanometry (4PR)\u2013basics and practice 2010","volume":"21","author":"K Vogt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xv","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2004.00286.x","article-title":"Evidence-based health care 2004: AHRQ moves research to translation and implementation","volume":"39","author":"C M Clancy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref27","first-page":"683","article-title":"Postural alterations and pulmonary function of mouth-breathing children","volume":"76","author":"Wd Silveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.20.4.039-044.oar","article-title":"Guidelines proposal for clinical recognition of mouth breathing children","author":"M CT Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dental press journal of orthodontics"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1157","article-title":"Active anterior rhinomanometry: A study on nasal airway resistance, paradoxical reactions to decongestion, and repeatability in healthy subjects","volume":"8","author":"O Sunnergren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology"}],"container-title":["International Archives of 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