{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:43:28Z","timestamp":1740167008471,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that \u223c 32 million children worldwide are affected by hearing loss (HL). Cochlear implant is the first-line treatment for severe to profound sensorineural HL. It is considered one of the most successful prostheses developed to date.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To evaluate the oral language development of pediatric patients with prelingual deafness implanted in a reference hospital for the treatment of HL in southern Brazil.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a review of medical records of patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery between January 2009 and December 2018. Language development was assessed by reviewing consultations with speech therapy professionals from the cochlear implant group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 152 children were included in the study. The mean age at cochlear implant surgery was of 41 months (standard deviation [SD]:\u2009\u00b1\u200915). The patients were divided into six groups considering the type of language most used in their daily lives. We found that 36% of children use oral language as their primary form of communication. In a subanalysis, we observed that patients with developed or developing oral language had undergone cochlear implant surgery earlier than patients using Brazilian Sign Language (L\u00edngua Brasileira de Sinais, LIBRAS, in Portuguese) or those without developed language.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The cochlear implant is a state-of-the-art technology that enables the re-establishment of the sense of hearing and the development of oral language. However, language development is a complex process known to present a critical period to properly occur. We still see many patients receiving late diagnosis and treatment, which implies a delay and, often, the impossibility of developing oral communication.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Level of Evidence\u2003Level 3 (cohort study).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1785205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T22:30:20Z","timestamp":1716676220000},"page":"e517-e522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Language in Children from a Public Cochlear Implant Program in a Developing Country"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7616-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Lang","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2677-5288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Claudio","family":"Roberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maithe Antonello","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1122-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora Milene Ferreira","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7274-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isadora Martins Silva","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5842-8523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Prolla","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7492-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia Petersen Schmidt","family":"Rosito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2019.01.010","article-title":"Prevalence of Childhood Hearing Loss and Secular Trends: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"19","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.5.1161","article-title":"Language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss","volume":"102","author":"C 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